Minimizing N_20 fluxes from full-scale municipal solid waste landfill with properly selected cover soil

Municipal solid waste landfills emit nitrous oxide(N_2O)gas.Assuming that the soil cover is the primary N_2O source from landfills, this study tested,during a four-year project,the hypothesis that the proper use of chosen soils with fine texture minimizes N_2O emissions.A full-scale sanitary landfill,a full-scale bioreactor landfill and a cell planted with Nerium indicum or Festuca arundinacea Schreb,at the Hangzhou Tianziling landfill in Hangzhou City were the test sites.The N_2O emission rates from all test sites were considerably lower than those reported in the published reports.Specifically,the N_2O emission rate was dependent on soil water content and nitrate concentrations in the cover soil.The effects of leachate recirculation and irrigation were minimal.Properly chosen cover soils applied to the landfills reduced N_2O flux.     

连续曝气模式下同步硝化反硝化的持续稳定性

为研究反应周期内同步硝化反硝化(SND)过程的持续稳定性,试验以模拟城市污水为研究对象,于恒定气量连续曝气的SBR反应器内,在反应周期内恒定不同曝气量的条件下,考察氮转化规律和DO、ORP及pH的变化规律。结果表明,SND持续稳定的时间和TN去除率随曝气量的增加而减少和降低,DO、ORP和pH曲线上出现的折点可预示SND过程的结束和完全硝化反应的开始,而pH曲线上的"谷点"可预示硝化反应的结束。由此可知,在恒定气量连续曝气模式下,SND的持续稳定时间是有限的,不能延续到反应周期结束,但可用DO、ORP和pH值作为SND过程持续稳定程度的控制参数。     

Circulating fluidized bed biological reactor for nutrients removal

A new biological nitrogen removal process, which is named herein “The circulating fluidized bed bioreactor (CFBBR)”, was developed for simultaneous removal of nitrogen and organic matter. This process was composed of an anaerobic bed (Riser), aerobic bed (Downer) and connecting device. Influent and nitrified liquid from the aerobic bed enters the anaerobic bed from the bottom of the anaerobic bed, completing the removal of nitrogen and organic matter. The system performance under the conditions of different inflow loadings and nitrified liquid recirculation rates ranging from 200% to 600% was examined. From a technical and economic point of view, the optimum nitrified liquid recirculation ratewas 400%. With a shortest total retention time of 2.5 h (0.8 h in the anaerobic bed and 1.5 h in the aerobic bed) and a nitrified liquid recirculation rate of 400% based on the influent flow rate, the average removal efficiencies of total nitrogen (TN) and soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) were found to be 88% and 95%, respectively. The average effluent concentrations of TN and SCOD were 3.5 mg/L and 16 mg/L, respectively. The volatile suspended solid (VSS) concentration, nitrification rate and denitrification rate in the system were less than 1.0 g/L, 0.026-0.1 g NH₄ ⁺-N/g VSS·d, and 0.016–0.074 g NO_x ⁻-N/g VSS·d, respectively. __________ Translated from Environmental Engineering, 2007, 25(6): 2, 7–10 [译自: 环境工程]     

Differences in soil nitrification and denitrification capacities following reclamation years of native desert soils to irrigated croplands in Hexi Corridor Region of Northwest China北大核心CSCD

Nitrogen (N) loss in irrigated croplands from coupled nitrification and denitrification shows considerable differences due to differences in soil properties and agricultural management practices. Previous research has demonstrated that soil physicochemical properties strongly affect nitrification and denitrification capacities of cropland soils. However, existing research on soil nitrification and denitrification following the conversion of native desert soils to irrigated croplands lacks long-term tracking and monitoring capabilities. Therefore, six types of reclamation years of irrigated croplands and uncultivated sandy land in the Hexi Corridor marginal oasis in northwestern China were selected for study, and the differences in soil nitrification and denitrification rates and physicochemical properties were studied over 42 sites in the desert-oasis ecotone derived from seven reclamation sequences, including the years of 0, 15, 30, 50, 80, 100, and 150. The results showed that the nitrification and denitrification rates of soil first increased and then decreased with the increase in reclamation years. The highest soil nitrification rate and denitrification rate were observed at 80 years of cultivation (101.4 μg g-1 d-1) and 100 years of cultivation (0.93 μg g-1 d-1), respectively. In addition, the soil nitrification and denitrification rates in the natural sandy land were significantly lower than those in the cultivated croplands (P < 0.05). There were significant correlations among soil nutrients, soil moisture, and soil particle size composition between the nitrification and denitrification rates (P < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that environmental variables accounted for 69.7% and 75.7% of the variation in nitrification and denitrification rates, respectively. Among them, organic matter content, pH, soil moisture, and NH4+-N content were the key factors affecting the change in soil denitrification rate, while organic matter content, NO3--N, pH, and clay content were the key factors affecting the change in soil denitrification rate. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

中试MBBR反应器启动CANON工艺及其短程硝化

采用150 L的移动床生物膜(MBBR)反应器,控制温度为28℃,以无机高氨氮(平均浓度350 mg·L~(-1))废水为原水,启动全程自养脱氮(CANON)工艺,同时,取其中絮状污泥至5L的SBR反应器中,维持进水NH~+_4-N浓度为90～200 mg·L~(-1),共同进行短程硝化恢复研究.结果表明,MBBR反应器中,HRT平均为12 h时,短程硝化与TN去除率互相制约,TN去除率平均为38.2%,δNO~-_3-N/TN值平均为0.274,当HRT降至6h后,δNO~-_3-N/TN值由0.347下降至0.146; SBR反应器通过间歇曝气,分别维持曝气与停曝时间为30 min与20 min,好氧过程中DO浓度为0.5～0.6 mg·L~(-1),且每周期末FNA浓度高于0.18 mg·L~(-1)时, 12 d后系统内NAR由0增长至99.2%,NUR从24.8 mg·(g·h)~(-1)降至0,TN去除率则由13%降至3%,成功由全程硝化转变为短程硝化;高通量测序结果显示:MBBR反应器中Candidatus Kuenenia在絮状污泥和生物膜中的相对丰度分别为7.91%及17.38%,Nitrosomonas在二者中分别占27.43%和2.55%,Nitrospira则在二者中占0.30%和0.28%; SBR反应器恢复短程硝化后,AOB与ANAMMOX丰度分别下降至1.18%和0.01%,Nitrospira的相对丰度则上升至1.39%.     

高频间歇梯度曝气启动短程硝化反硝化除磷颗粒污泥

反硝化除磷与厌氧氨氧化耦合可进一步降低脱氮除磷所需的碳源,而稳定获取NO₂^--N是两工艺独立、联合运行的关键.因此,以低C/N生活污水为研究对象,接种絮状污泥及少量长期贮存的好氧颗粒污泥,采用两段梯度曝气,并控制停曝时间（3min：3min）,即以高频间歇梯度曝气模式,经60d的富集培养,将其诱导成具有短程硝化反硝化除磷功能的颗粒污泥,并分析了此过程中系统脱氮除磷性能变化.结果表明,稳定时期内,颗粒污泥平均粒径达841μm,SVI为31.23ml/g,颗粒结构致密,沉降性能良好.出水NO₃^--N小于0.1mg/L,TP<0.7mg/L,NO₂^--N>15mg/L,实现了P的高效去除和NO₃^--N的积累,并可为后续耦合Anammox提供稳定NO₂^--N基质.批次实验结果表明,颗粒中可利用NO₂^--N为电子受体的DPAOs占达57.63%,其富集提高了系统除磷能力.高频梯度间歇曝气可实现AOB与DPAOs的高度耦合,但仅以间歇曝气难以实现NOB的抑制,后通过在"氨谷点"前段,加入梯度曝气优化实际限氧曝气点,可强化对NOB的抑制,从而实现良好的亚硝酸盐积累.     

Novel strategy of nitrogen removal from domestic wastewater using pilot Orbal oxidation ditch

A pilot-scale Orbed oxidation ditch was operated for 17 months to optimize nitrogen removal from domestic wastewater of average COD to total nitrogen ratio of 2.7, with particular concern about the roles of dissolved oxygen （DO）, mixed liquor suspended solids （MLSS） and return activated sludge （RAS） recycle ratio. Remarkable simultaneous nitrification and denitrification （SND） was observed and mean total nitrogen （TN） removal efficiency up to 72.1% was steadily achieved, at DO concentration in the out, middle and inner channel of 0.1, 0.4 and 0.7 mg/L, respectively, with an average M LSS of 5.5 g/L and RAS recycle ratio of 150%. Although the out channel took the major role in TN removal, the role of middle channel should never be ignored. The denitrification potential could be fully developed under low DO, high MLSS with adequate RAS ratio. The sludge settleability was amazingly improved under low DO operation mode, and some explanations were tried. In addition, a scries of simplified batch tests were done to determine whether novel microorganisms could make substantial contribution to the performance of nitrogen removal. The results indicated that the SND observed in this Orbal oxidation ditch was more likely a physical phenomenon.     

施氮与凋落物去除影响下中亚热带阔叶林土壤氮素矿化潜势和硝化潜势研究

氮沉降影响土壤氮循环,而凋落物是土壤有机氮的主要来源,因此,为了探讨氮沉降和凋落物是否去除作用下,亚热带森林土壤潜在的氮素矿化与硝化作用,选择已进行8年模拟氮沉降试验的亚热带罗浮栲(Castanopsis fabri)常绿阔叶林土壤为研究对象,野外样地氮添加设置3个水平:对照(CK,0 kg·hm?2·a?1)、低氮(...     

MBR中影响同步硝化反硝化的生态因子

研究了DO、C/N、pH等生态因子对膜生物反应器同步硝化反硝化的影响.结果表明,只有在各生态因子保持得当的条件下,同步硝化反硝化才能顺利地进行.DO为1mg/L左右、C/N比为30左右、进水pH值约7.2左右时COD、NH₄⁺、TN的去除率分别为96%、95%和92%.     

序批式缺氧-好氧工艺处理味精废水试验研究

味精废水经吹脱、稀释预处理 ,CODCr32 0 0mg/L、氨氮 170mg/L、总氮 40 0mg/L ,在CODCr负荷 0 6kg/m3 ·d下 ,接触氧化法和活性污泥法都能达到GB8978 96的排放标准。当负荷为 0 8kg/m3 ·d时 ,低浓度进水方式可以使出水CODCr接近处理目标 ,但出水CODCr排放总量增加。由于味精废水含有高浓度的硫酸盐 ,缺氧状态下 ,硫酸盐还原反应影响了反映硝化反应。味精废水自身碱度不足 ,必须投加充足的碱量 ,以避免硝化时 pH的下降。