京九线淮滨-光山段路基病害及其防治对策

以京九线淮滨-光山段路基为例,通过现场调研,综合分析了该段路基病害的类型及其成因,并结合典型工点,重点研究了各种病害的整治方法,提出了路基病害的防治对策.     

CRT用销钉冲压切边工位的模具改进

介绍了CRT用销钉冲压切边工位的模具改进,提出利用冲裁问隙及凹模圆角等因素来达到工艺的特殊要求的一种情况.     

新型长时热流测量装置的研制及应用

目的设计一种新型热流测量装置,使传感器满足长时间热流测量的需求,且传感器外表面可以适量打磨,与飞行器的气动外型面完好随型。方法采用铜和钢作为备选材料,施加相同的表面热流边界,对比敏感端内外壁温差情况。优化热流辨识传感器传热路径、敏感端厚度,通过有限元模型分析打磨对热流辨识结果的影响。基于优化结果,研制出热流测量装置,并通过地面试验验证该装置的有效性。结果从热响应获取时间延迟角度来看,Cu比钢具有较大的优势。综合考虑敏感端外表面需要与飞行器外表面随型打磨,选用5 mm的厚度具有一定的安全可靠性。敏感端的适度打磨基本不影响温度测量结果。辨识获得的热流数据与实际控制热流吻合较好,最大偏差约15%。结论成功研制了热流测量装置,并通过地面热试验证明了热流测量的有效性。     

Biofidelity assessment of the 6-year-old ATDs in lateral impact

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess and compare the current lateral impact biofidelity of the shoulder, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis of the Q6, Q6s, and Hybrid III (HIII) 6-year-old anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) through lateral impact testing.

Methods: A series of lateral impact pendulum tests, vertical drop tests, and Wayne State University (WSU) sled tests was performed, based on the procedures detailed in ISO/TR 9790 (1999) and scaling to the 6-year-old using Irwin et al. (2002 Irwin AL, Mertz HJ, Elhagediab AM, Moss S. Guidelines for assessing the biofidelity of side impact dummies of various sizes and ages. Stapp Car Crash J. 2002;46:297–319.[PubMed] , [Google Scholar]). The HIII used in this study was tested with the Ford-designed abdomen described in Rouhana (2006 Rouhana SW. Abdominal impact injury research—a review. J Biomech. 2006;39(Suppl 1):S157–S158. [Google Scholar]) and Elhagediab et al. (2006 Elhagediab AM, Hardy WN, Rouhana SW. Advancements in the rate-sensitive abdomen for the Hybrid III family of dummies. J Biomech. 2006;39(Suppl 1):S158.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). The data collected from the 3 different ATDs were filtered using SAE J211 (SAE International 2003 SAE International. Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice. Instrumentation for Impact Test—Part 1—Electronic Instrumentation. Warrendale, PA: SAE International; 2003. SAE Standard J211-1. [Google Scholar]), aligned using the methodology described by Donnelly and Moorhouse (2012 Donnelly BR, Moorhouse K. Optimized phasing of PMHS response curves for biofidelity targets. Paper presented at: IRCOBI Conference; 2012. [Google Scholar]), and compared for each body region tested (shoulder, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis). The biofidelity performance in lateral impact for the 3 ATDs was assessed against the scaled biofidelity targets published in Irwin et al. (2002 Irwin AL, Mertz HJ, Elhagediab AM, Moss S. Guidelines for assessing the biofidelity of side impact dummies of various sizes and ages. Stapp Car Crash J. 2002;46:297–319.[PubMed] , [Google Scholar]), the abdominal biofidelity target suggested in van Ratingen et al. (1997 van Ratingen M, Twisk D, Schrooten M, Beusenberg M. Biomechanically based design and performance targets for a 3-year-old child crash dummy for frontal and side impact. Paper presented at: 41st Stapp Car Crash Conference; 1997. [Google Scholar]), and the biofidelity targets published in Rhule et al. (2013 Rhule H, Donnelly B, Moorhouse K, Kang YS. A methodology for generating objective targets for quantitatively assessing the biofidelity of crash test dummies. Paper presented at: 23rd Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Conference; 2013. [Google Scholar]). Regional and overall biofidelity rankings for each of the 3 ATDs were performed using both the ISO 9790 biofidelity rating system (ISO/TR 9790 1999) and the NHTSA's external biofidelity ranking system (BRS; Rhule et al. 2013 Rhule H, Donnelly B, Moorhouse K, Kang YS. A methodology for generating objective targets for quantitatively assessing the biofidelity of crash test dummies. Paper presented at: 23rd Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Conference; 2013. [Google Scholar]).

Results: All 3 6-year-old ATD's pelvises were rated as least biofidelic of the 4 body regions tested, based on both the ISO and BRS biofidelity rating systems, followed by the shoulder and abdomen, respectively. The thorax of all 3 ATDs was rated as the most biofidelic body region using the aforementioned biofidelity rating systems. The HIII 6-year-old ATD was rated last in overall biofidelity of the 3 tested ATDs, based on both rating systems. The Q6s ATD was rated as having the best overall biofidelity using both rating systems.

Conclusions: All 3 ATDs are more biofidelic in the thorax and abdomen than the shoulder and pelvis, with the pelvis being the least biofidelic of all 4 tested body regions. None of the 3 tested 6-year-old ATDs had an overall ranking of 2.0 or less, based on the BRS ranking. Therefore, it is expected that none of the 3 ATDs would mechanically respond like a postmortem human subject (PMHS) in a lateral impact crash test based on this ranking system. With respect to the ISO biofidelity rating, the HIII dummy would be considered unsuitable and the Q-series dummies would be considered marginal for assessing side impact occupant protection.     

后发地区生态承载力及其评价方法研究——以海峡西岸经济区为例

在区域生态承载力及其与资源、环境承载力相互关系的基础上,针对后发地区敏感的生态环境、强烈的发展愿景和以产业区域转移为主的后发优势战略,阐明了后发地区生态承载力的判定标准和衡量对象,构建了后发地区生态承载力概念模型;与区域生态系统健康评价相结合,运用多目标规划,建立了后发地区生态承载力评价模型,对海峡西岸经济区生态承载力进行了综合评价。目前海西区生态系统所承受的人类干扰总体上较轻,重点产业发展尚未对区域生态系统的结构、功能和健康等级构成威胁。若海西区土地产出率升至2007年上海市土地产出率的75％,海西区及其多数分区生态系统可以持续支撑其重点产业中长期发展。海西区生态系统的承载能力和承载状况具有显著的区域差异,有利于该地区经济社会的健康发展、生态服务功能的持续发挥和区域生态安全的有效保障。     

地铁单面坡隧道列车火灾通风模式研究

针对地铁单面坡隧道连续下坡距离长、提升高度大的特点,以国内某城市地铁线路为研究对象,构建列车火灾通风排烟数值计算模型,并采用1:20模型实验对数值计算精确度进行验证,通过考虑列车起火位置、风机开启模式和隧道断面形式等因素,对火灾烟气扩散过程、疏散平台上方烟气温度和气体浓度进行分析。研究结果表明:列车起火后,单洞单线隧道2端车站应各开启2台隧道风机,单洞双线隧道除开启射流风机外,2端车站应各开启4台隧道风机执行相应的排烟和送风模式进行烟气控制;由于单洞双线隧道中热损失和空气卷吸量较大,火灾烟气温度、CO和CO2浓度均低于单洞单线隧道;采用纵向通风控制烟气逆流的同时,下风向区域的烟气沉降作用较为明显,防排烟设计中应充分考虑列车中部火灾下风向车厢区域的危险性,合理确定应急响应模式。     

Occupant injury severity from lateral collisions: A literature review

Problem

Side impacts are a serious automotive injury problem; they represent about 30% of all fatalities for passenger vehicle occupants. This literature review focuses on occupant injuries resulting from real lateral collisions. It emphasizes the interaction between injury patterns and crash factors, taking into account type of injuries and their severity. It highlights what is known on the subject and suggests further studies.

Method

We reviewed papers identified by searches in two electronic databases for the 1996-2009 publication period, and in specific journals and conference proceedings.

Results

Studies on the Primary Direction of Force (PDOF) have revealed that fatal crashes occur most frequently when the PDOF is at 3 or 9 o'clock. The risk of serious injury is two to three times higher for the near-side occupant than for the far-side occupant. Head injuries predominate in oblique impacts and thoracic injuries in perpendicular ones. A few results are also reported on side airbag protection.

Conclusions

This literature review presents an overall picture of the injuries caused by lateral collisions, though each of the papers or articles examined focuses mostly on some particular aspect of the problem. The incidence of specific injuries depends on the data source used. Very few population-based analyses of lateral collision injuries were found.

Impact on industry

New studies are needed to evaluate new protective devices (e.g., lateral airbags, inflatable curtains). Without interfering with their care duties, Emergency Medical Technicians could be systematically trained to observe the collision's specific characteristics and to report all their relevant observations to the emergency physicians to increase the likelihood of prompt diagnosis and proper care.     

寒区公路土质路堑边坡滑塌原因及其防治

通过对寒区路堑土质边坡滑塌现象的调查研究，提出了寒区路堑边坡滑塌的主要原因及影响因素，尤其对“水线”的概念、成因、分布特征以及对边坡稳定性的影响，进行了详细阐述。在此基础上构建了寒区路堑土质边坡稳定性的力学模型。通过对春融期处于饱和状态的不同坡度（1：1，1：1．5，1：1．75）土质路堑边坡土体稳定性进行验算，提出了宜排水固坡不宜削坡稳定的寒区路堑土质边坡稳定措施，即在边坡上挖设树型排水渗沟，采用自身具备反滤层功能的土工材料做下层排水，再利用网状土工格室上层固土并种植喜水根深的马莲草的综合边坡稳定防治技术，并在哈同公路路堑边坡滑塌地段进行了工程应用和实践，经过两个冻融循环，取得了较为理想的防治效果。     

西夫(Schiff)碱侧链聚硅氧烷毛细管柱气相色谱固定相的制备与色谱性能

将合成的西夫 (Schiff)碱侧链聚硅氧烷高分子液晶化合物用作毛细管柱气相色谱固定相 ,具有较高的柱效 ,热稳定性较好 ,最高柱温可达 2 80℃ ,对苯的各种取代物、酚类及多环芳烃有良好的选择性 ,尤其对位置异构体有独特的分离效果。     

高压离线侧喷脉冲袋式除尘技术在水泥磨上的应用

以新疆天山水泥股份有限公司一分厂1水泥磨除尘系统技术改造为实例,阐述了获1993年国家环保最佳实用技术推广的LCPM型高压离线侧喷脉冲袋除尘器在水泥磨系统的应用及产生的效果。