Motorcyclist perception response time in stopping sight distance situations

One of the most effective engineering measures is the provision of an exclusive motorcycle lane that separates motorcycles from other mixed traffic to reduce traffic congestion and motorcycle crashes. Even though the existing exclusive motorcycle lanes in Malaysia reduced the incidents of motorcycle crashes with other vehicles, the design of this special motorcycle lane was based on a cross reference between a bicycle track and a highway. Thus, a suitable design guide is yet to be developed for the geometrical design of a proper and safer exclusive motorcycle lane. Safe stopping sight distance (SSD) has been recognized as a criterion for road design and should be taken into account. Motorcyclist perception response time (PRT) is the time from detection object until the rider reduces motorcycle speed in braking action is an essential component of motorcycle SSD. Two road experiments were conducted to obtain empirical values of motorcycle PRT to expected and unexpected objects. In the expected condition, 89 motorcyclists applied brake as quickly as possible following activation of a light beside the road. In the unexpected condition, 16 riders responded by braking in response to an obstacle that appeared suddenly in their lane. The mean PRT to expected and unexpected object is 0.71 s and 1.25 s respectively. The 85th percentile PRT to unexpected object is 2.12 s. This study found that most riders are capable of responding to an unexpected object along the roadway in 2.5 s or less. Therefore, PRT of 2.5 s is an appropriate value for motorcycle lane geometric design.     

GOES IR AND DUMMY VARIABLE TECHNIQUES FOR LOW TEMPERATURE ASSESSMENT IN FLORIDA1

ABSTRACT: Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) thermal infrared (IR) data were used to study regional cold nocturnal temperature fluctuations that are important in assessing citrus freeze damage. Dummy variables techniques were used to analyze the temperature difference between the east and west sides of Central Florida, which was obtained from both ground measurement minimum temperature (T_GMM) and the GOES mean temperature (T_GOES) on low-temperature nights. The low temperature pattern, which was closely related to the citrus freeze damage pattern in Central Florida, was identified by GOES thermal IR data but not by conventional ground measurements. The low surface temperature in the west side and east side appears to be attributable to differences in soil types, water tables, and drainage classes in both regions.     

好氧处理工艺传质强化的机理与应用研究

依据惯性效应理论研究了传统污水好氧处理工艺传质强化过程.研究表明,提高传统工艺曝气均匀度和控制多相物系中微涡漩的离心惯性效应,可有效促进物相接触传质和相界面更替,为活性污泥(或生物膜)有机底质与氧气进行生化反应提供良好动力条件,从而提高反应效率,缩短生化反应历程.该工艺在试验及实际工程应用中氧利用率最高可达48%,COD容积负荷8.1-9.0 kg/(m3@d).在处理屠宰废水的实际应用中,当气水比为12∶1,水力停留时间4 h,进水COD Cr浓度800-2200 mg/L,CODCr负荷达8-9 kg/(m3@d)时,COD Cr去除率平均达95%,BOD 5去除率大于97%,SS去除率在95%以上.     

惯性器件加速贮存环境性能变化规律及失效机理

目的研究惯性器件的加速贮存环境性能退化规律,分析失效薄弱环节及其失效机理。方法开展惯性器件的加速贮存试验,进行惯性器件的零偏、标度因数的检测,用扫描电子显微镜、红外显微仪、气-质联用仪等分析仪器,监测微观组织、结构损伤情况。针对石英挠性加速度计在加速贮存试验过程中的变化行为,分析温度环境因素对其损伤的微观作用机制,解释宏观性能退化内在原因。结果惯导系统中,石英挠性加速度计在加速贮存试验4个周期后,其零偏超出阈值范围。结论惯导系统中的薄弱环节为石英挠性加速度计的粘结剂。在加速贮存试验过程中,粘结剂中的增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(DEHP)发生分解生成挥发物,环氧树脂胶618的双酚A也少量挥发。当石英挠性加速度计从高温冷却至室温,检测宏观性能时,两种挥发物沿摆片移动至摆片底部,与力矩器镜面形成粘连,使摆片无法进行有效的工作(摆动)。     

基于IPSO-BP神经网络的钢丝绳断丝损伤识别模型研究

为解决传统钢丝绳断丝损伤识别方法精度低,BP神经网络陷入局部最优等问题,提出改进粒子群算法（IPSO）的BP神经网络识别模型。通过采集钢丝绳断丝损伤信号,提取缺陷信号特征,用峰值、峰峰值、波宽、波形下面积和波动能量5个特征值组成特征向量作为神经网络的输人,断丝数量作为神经网络的输出;利用改进粒子群算法对BP神经网络的初始权值和阈值进行优化;建立基于IPSO-BP算法的神经网络模型,用于钢丝绳断丝的定量识别。结果表明:IPSO-BPS神经网络模型的钢丝绳断丝损伤识别精度、泛化能力均高于传统BP神经网络模型,且改进的粒子群算法迭代寻优速度更快。     

关于乡村旅游开发的研究

乡村旅游作为一种新兴的旅游形式,是农业生产与旅游活动的有机结合。通过对乡村旅游的涵义进行探讨,总结出乡村旅游的特点,阐述了发展乡村旅游业的意义,同时分析了乡村景观的构成,对乡村旅游景区的规划设计提出了合理化建议。