高压离线侧喷脉冲袋式除尘技术在水泥磨上的应用

以新疆天山水泥股份有限公司一分厂1水泥磨除尘系统技术改造为实例,阐述了获1993年国家环保最佳实用技术推广的LCPM型高压离线侧喷脉冲袋除尘器在水泥磨系统的应用及产生的效果。     

风淬钢渣对高炉渣基微晶玻璃性能的影响

以风淬钢渣和高炉渣为主要原料,采用一次烧结法制备微晶玻璃。结果表明,该方法制备的微晶玻璃主晶相为钙铝黄长石(Ca2Al2SiO7),还有少量的镁黄长石(Ca2MgSi2O7),钢渣最大用量达到50%;随着风淬钢渣含量的增加,样品的最佳烧结温度逐渐增加;烧结温度对样品析晶性能的影响明显大于风淬钢渣含量的影响;样品的抗折强度随风淬钢渣的增加呈现出先增大后减小的趋势;样品的密度随风淬钢渣的增加而逐渐减小;直接用风淬钢渣和高炉渣制备出的微晶玻璃具有良好的抗折强度和耐酸碱性,抗折强度最大可达90 MPa,该方法为综合治理冶金渣污染及其综合利用开辟了新的途径。     

山区生态补偿保护成本的空间差异研究

制定有空间差异的生态补偿标准是构建生态补偿机制的关键和难点。补偿标准的空间差异体现在提供的生态系统服务和付出的成本两个方面。其中,生态补偿保护成本因能准确反映某地关于生态系统保护的工作量和贡献程度而得到广泛关注。本研究针对山区自然因素和人文因素高度空间异质性的特点,以四川省雅安市宝兴县为例,利用GIS技术结合统计资料和实地调研,核算了研究区的保护成本。同时使用面积内插法并从距离、道路、坡度和方向4个方面评价斑块可达性难易程度,进行保护成本空间化研究。旨在为生态补偿标准的制定、生态补偿空间选择以及生态补偿效果评价提供参考和依据。结果显示:1通过考虑距离、道路、坡度和方向,计算得到宝兴县被管护林地的可达性系数,其范围在0—1之间,平均值为0.18,标准差为0.16。22010年,研究区流域生态补偿相关的保护成本为4 590.46万元,其中不同保护对象的投入大小顺序为林地自然保护区水土保持地草地水源保护地。3研究区不同海拔带保护成本及其构成不同,林地保护成本在1 000—4 000 m范围内均较高,这与研究区林地的广泛分布有关;草地保护成本集中在高海拔地区(3 000—4 500 m);而水源保护地保护成本集中在低海拔地区(1 000—2 500 m)。保护成本的核算准确性及空间化精度取决于对当地生态建设与保护措施的掌握程度和资料的收集、获取情况。本研究使用的可达性难易程度来调整保护成本的空间差异,是一种基于地理环境要素空间化思路和尝试。主要考虑距离、道路、坡度和方向4个方面,暂未考虑管护人员的交通工具、视域范围、办事效率等个体因素以及土地利用的限制。     

基于修正遗传算法的夏玉米作物系数及蒸散发估算

农田蒸散量是作物蒸腾量和土壤蒸发量的总和,准确估算农田蒸散量对制定合理的灌溉计划至关重要,进而对农作物的增产保收具有重要的意义.研究作物系数及蒸散量估算模型已成为一个热点科学问题.淮河流域是中国主要的农业生产基地,而夏玉米是淮河流域最主要的粮食作物之一.为研究夏玉米全生育期蒸散估算模型,反映夏玉米逐日作物系数及蒸散量的...     

不同萃取方法对长江口边滩多环芳烃萃取效果的影响

选取索氏提取法和加速溶剂萃取仪(ASE)提取法,对长江口边滩样品进行多环芳烃萃取实验,并利用气相色谱/质谱仪对萃取出来的多环芳烃进行定量分析,研究了不同萃取方法以及不同溶剂条件下多环芳烃的总量、分布特征.结果表明,长江口边滩多环芳烃最高值出现在吴淞口;索氏提取法在多环芳烃萃取效果上优于加速溶剂萃取仪提取法;混合溶剂萃取...     

基于熵权法改进的综合污染指数的水质评价——以白云湖为例

以白云湖为例,于2016年12月(枯水期)、2017年5月(平水期)和2017年9月(丰水期)分别采集水样并测定了10种水质指标,采用单因子评价方法和综合污染指数法分析了白云湖在枯水期、平水期和丰水期的水质状况及不同湖区的污染水平,并结合熵权法和单因子评价方法构建了基于熵权法改进的综合污染指数,对白云湖进行了综合水质评...     

Impact of mining industries on the groundwater level fluctuation in Singrauli coalfield area by using remote sensing and GIS,India

The coal mining industries influence hydro-geological parameters, which affect the aquifer recharge in the coal mining areas. This research aimed to evaluate the impact of various hydro-geological parameters on fluctuation of groundwater level in the study area. The various hydro-geological parameters such as soil, geology, drainage pattern, elevation and slope have been considered to accomplish the objective. A comparative analysis was performed by comparing the groundwater level fluctuation (WLF) map with the GIS-based various hydro-geological parameter maps to assess the combined influence of different hydro-geological parameters on groundwater level fluctuation. A total of eighty-six (86) dug-wells were chosen to monitor the level of the groundwater for around ten blocks of Singrauli coalfield, and these wells were examined during the months of dry and wet seasons for 2016. Based on the comparative analysis between the WLF map and thematic maps of various hydro-geological parameters, it has been found that WLF in the south-western and some portions of the north-eastern showed moderate to a higher value. This may be because most of the non-hilly areas come under gentle to moderate slope category, with lower elevation in the area forming the suitable hydro-geological condition for recharging groundwater. It was observed that the northwest, south-east and central part of the study area showed lower WLF, which may be due to the presence of overburden dump, presence of higher elevation and steep slope. Thus, the combined effect of slope, elevation, geology, drainage and mining activities on the WLF in the study region is moderate.     

Effects of drawdown scenario on retrogressive lateral erosion in a reservoir

The drawdown of reservoirs behind dams is an important management strategy (e.g., for removal of aging infrastructure, flushing of sediment), and an opportunity to study erosional processes. A numerical model was developed to examine retrogressive bank erosion across reservoir drawdown scenarios and to evaluate factors controlling the rate, volume, and mechanisms of lateral erosion. Modeled processes included dynamic drawdown of groundwater, sequential slope failures via limit equilibrium analysis, and retrogression considering stress interaction between failing blocks. Field measurements were coupled with Staged, Slow, and Rapid drawdown scenarios. Results highlight the importance of including retrogression as an avenue for lateral erosion, as sequential block failures were found to occur in all scenarios except Slow drawdown. This result indicates that bank stability models without some means of characterizing the evolution of slope failure during drawdown are likely underestimating bank failure rates and volumes. In contrast, dynamic groundwater was not found to be a dominant control for any drawdown scenario. Model results also demonstrate that the drawdown increment is a first-order control on slope instability via the development of drained or undrained conditions. A majority of failures occurred under undrained conditions. To maximize slope stability, using slow drawdown to activate internal friction under drained conditions is essential. The design of the drawdown rate created a tradeoff between the amount of impact created and when the impact is produced. The study also articulated the need for coupling models and field observations for rapidly changing systems.     

高速高架复合道路交通噪声的分析和预测

以济青高速公路中青岛市郊一段典型高架结构公路为例,分析了高架复合道路交通噪声与各有关因素的关系,提出了高速高架复合道路交通噪声的预测数学模型,其理论计算值与模拟实测结果基本相符。     

山谷地带城市冷热岛及其影响初探

本文利用华北某城市现场实测资料,对实测到的谷地上空“冷岛"的形成机制进行了研究,借助于二维数值模拟,分析了城市冷热岛对山谷地带坡风环流和污染物浓度分布的影响。结果表明:城市热岛在晚间出现则可以加速坡风环流,加之逆温层存在,不利于污染物输送;白天冷岛的出现,加强坡风环流,有利于污染物的扩散和输送。