南京北郊一次霾过程中气溶胶理化特征变化研究

本研究利用单颗粒飞行时间气溶胶质谱仪(SPAMS)、宽范围粒径谱仪(WPS)并结合气象数据对南京北郊一次霾过程中气溶胶的理化特征变化进行了分析.结果表明观测期间风向变化导致的气溶胶来源变化是大气能见度变化的主要原因.最低大气能见度出现在西北气团控制期间,其次是偏东气团和北西北气团.不同方向上气溶胶粒子的粒径分布有显著的差异,其中来自西北气团的气溶胶粒子,有最大的表面积浓度,尤其是0.5~1μm粒径范围内的气溶胶粒子浓度最大;而北西北气团的气溶胶粒子主要集中在核模态和粗模态.不同气团中气溶胶粒子的化学组成也有显著的差异,其中K-nitrate、Ammonium、C3、Metal主要来自西北气团的贡献、其次为偏东气团贡献,K-Biomass、K-OC、EC、ECOC在3类气团中均有浓度贡献,其中K-OC、EC、ECOC、Dust在北西北气团所占比例最高.     

建构筑物周边爆破施工安全控制距离及分析方法研究

为研究在居民区附近开展大面积爆破施工的安全可行性以及安全控制距离标准,采用数值模拟方法,分析了地铁车辆段爆破施工对周边高压线及居民楼的影响,根据分析结果,给出了安全控制距离及关键控制指标,说明采用数值模拟的方法适用于类似工况的可行性。另外,研究发现,在居民楼附近进行地铁车辆段爆破施工风险较高,建议在距建构筑物100 m范围内采用静态爆破或机械开挖的方式进行施工。     

基于神经网络集成的单个飞行事件噪声预测模型

通过分析影响单个飞行事件噪声的各种因素,构建了BP神经网络回归预测模型,并通过自适应遗传算法优选出参与集成的个体神经网络,提出了预测单个飞行事件噪声的神经网络集成预测模型.为了有效保证差异性,设置不同隐藏神经元个数和Bagging算法来构建和训练单个网络.实验结果表明,单个飞行事件噪声的神经网络集成预测模型相对单个BP神经网络模型泛化能力更强,稳定性能更好.本文方法在测试集上误差在3dB以内的平均比率为96.9%,比单个网络高6.8%.     

壬基酚、五氯酚及硝基苯对端足类河蜾蠃蜚(Corophium acherusicum)的毒性效应

为检测海洋中环境激素及芳烃类化合物对端足类生物的污染危害,实验选择端足类河蜾蠃蜚(Corophium acherusicum)为受试生物,研究了其在壬基酚、五氯酚、硝基苯三种有机污染物暴露下的96 h急性致死毒性效应和7 d慢性DNA损伤毒性效应。计算获得壬基酚、五氯酚和硝基苯对河蜾蠃蜚的96 h半致死浓度(LC50)分别为70、465、25 000μg·L-1,三种有机污染物对河蜾蠃蜚的毒性强弱顺序为壬基酚五氯酚硝基苯。运用碱解旋法检测壬基酚、五氯酚和硝基苯对河蜾蠃蜚DNA损伤的程度,计算得到7 d半效应浓度(EC50)分别为30、256、11 000μg·L-1。实验结果表明:三种有机污染物浓度的不断加大,引起河蜾蠃蜚DNA损伤程度的不断增加,呈显著的剂量-效应关系。     

Single walled carbon nanotubes induce cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in HEK293 cells

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential toxicity and general mechanisms involved in single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)-induced cytotoxicity using human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK293) cells. Carbon nanotubes (coded as CNT) used in this study were synthesized by the chemical vapor deposition method. To elucidate the possible mechanisms underlying SWCNT-induced cytotoxicity, cell viability, cell membrane damage (lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) assay), reduced glutathione (GSH), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and lipid peroxidation products levels were quantitatively assessed following SWCNT exposure for 48 hr using HEK293 cells. Exposure of cells to SWCNT at 3–300 μg/ml produced significant reduction in cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC₅₀ value of SWCNT was found to be 87.58 μg/ml. Exposure of HEK cells to SWCNT at 10–100 μg/ml resulted in concentration-dependent cell membrane damage, increased production of IL-8, elevated levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances like malondialdehyde and decreased intracellular GSH levels. In summary, exposure to SWCNT resulted in a concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in cultured HEK293 cells that was associated with increased oxidative stress.     

基于单颗粒气溶胶质谱技术的源解析新算法

针对现有单颗粒气溶胶质谱技术的颗粒物快速来源解析方法不能提供基于质量浓度单位源解析结果的问题,提出一种新型单颗粒快速源解析算法ArtPMF.选择淮河平原某能源工业城市2021年2～3月的单颗粒质谱监测数据对ArtPMF算法进行应用.结果表明监测期间二次源、工业源、机动车尾气源、燃煤源、扬尘源、生物质燃烧源和烟花燃放源对...     

An Attempt at Preventing Asthenopia Among VDT Workers

We report the results of 3 surveys of visual display terminal (VDT) users who took a minibreak during which they viewed a stereoscopic image of a repeating parallel pattern showing planets. The single image stereogram method employed is called Stretch Eye^TM, and we evaluated the effects of Stretch Eye^TM on asthenopia. An accommodative relaxation of about 1 D was observed in participants while they were gazing at the image. The employees of 2 information technology companies were evaluated according to a visual analogue scale (VAS) for subjective symptoms of asthenopia and eyesight. The results showed that Stretch Eye^TM was effective in easing visual fatigue due to VDT work and it improved eyesight under working conditions.     

Preliminary analysis of single flash combined with binary system using thermodynamic assessment: a case study of Dieng geothermal power plant

This paper addressed the performance of single flash combined with a binary system that was proposed in the Dieng geothermal power plant by applying thermodynamic assessment methods. A set of mathematical equations from the plant was developed and solved iteratively using engineering equation solver. The results showed that the available exergy of the produced fluid from production wells is 66,204 kW. The performance of an existing single-flash power plant indicated 24,300 kW of net power output. The proposed design of single flash combined with a binary system improves the power output by 17.16% to 27,786 kW. The second law efficiency increases from 36.7% to 41.97% while the first law efficiency increases from 11.62% to 13.61%.     

基于ADuC824的环境监测系统设计与实现

介绍了一种对环境情况进行监测的系统软硬件设计方案.以ADI公司的ADuC824单片机为核心芯片,结合各类传感器和外围元器件构建,系统集成了环境信息采集、信息识别转换、双机通信和微电子电路等多种新技术,采用多通道实时采集数据,并解决了环境参数复杂难数字化的问题,实现了对环境参数全面高效的监测.     

模拟SPO情境中的飞行员脑力负荷测量与分析*

为探究单一飞行员驾驶模式（SPO）下飞行员的脑力负荷水平,设计并实施模拟单人驾驶情境中的非正常任务场景处置实验。首先,基于准5级模拟驾驶舱,设计飞行任务场景;其次,招募20名航线飞行员被试,开展模拟飞行实验,记录被试的生理数据心率变异性指标及眼动数据;最后,结合客观生理数据以及主观量表进行脑力负荷分析,记录单发失效故障处置时间并进行任务绩效分析。研究结果表明:与双人制机组相比,单人驾驶情境中飞行员的脑力负荷增幅并不显著,处于可接受范围;单人制驾驶舱的任务设计及智能辅助系统使用对于降低飞行员工作负荷,提升飞行绩效至关重要。研究结果可为单一飞行员驾驶模式实施提供理论支持,并为未来单人制驾驶舱及机载自动化系统设计提供指标参考。