考虑附加效益的设备维修工作综合评价研究

分析在维修工作评价中嵌入附加效益的作用,建立一个反映维修效果和费用的维修工作评价指标体系.根据考虑附加效益的维修评价要求,采用改进的数据包络分析法(IDEA)模型对维修方案进行量化分析.评价结果给出了考虑维修附加值因素的设备维修工作综合评价的优劣排序,为维修技术性、经济性和环境协调性等方面综合权衡提供参考和依据.     

环境正义研究前沿及其启示

环境正义不仅是重大的现实问题,也是不同学科和领域研究的焦点。通过对国内环境正义研究文献的梳理,比较分析环境正义所涉学科、内容和方法后发现：环境正义研究呈现出多学科视角、多元化主题和学科交叉趋势,但研究体系不够完善,缺乏理论创新;亟待构建中国特色环境正义理论体系和分析框架,总结中国环境正义研究案例和解决模式;环境正义概念多而不统一,混杂而不明确,需进一步厘清和辨明;考虑多维内涵、多重维度和多维原则,建构和完善环境正义概念体系;环境正义问题主要表现在多尺度区域和多类型群体两个层面,环境强势群体（区域）与弱势群体（区域）的环境权责不对等是焦点;城乡环境正义问题广受关注,需加强经济弱势地区和环境弱势地区环境正义研究;解决环境正义问题的政策措施缺乏系统性考量和可操作性,在具体的社会文化和地方情境中探讨环境正义及其解决之道是重点;按照问题的轻重缓急,分区域分群体逐步消除环境不正义;环境正义评价标准欠缺,不同学科数据和方法交叉融合不足。未来环境正义研究的重点和难点在于：建构一个问题导向的、跨学科交叉的环境正义理论框架;精确表征和测度环境（不）正义;模拟多尺度、多主体的环境正义演变过程;基于地方性加强环境正义的典型案例研究。     

北京市再生水利用生态环境效益评估

随着我国社会经济的快速发展和人口的持续增长,我国面临着日益严峻的水资源问题,再生水利用已成为解决水资源严重短缺、控制生态环境进一步恶化的有效措施.再生水利用不仅可以节约大量的新鲜水,而且还可以降低污水排放对环境的影响,具有巨大的生态环境效益,包括资源效益、环境效益和对人体健康的效益等.本研究采用机会成本法构建了再生水利用生态环境效益的评价体系,并以北京市为例对其再生水利用的生态环境效益进行了估算.结果表明,2010年北京市再生水利用具有可观的生态环境效益12.0亿,其中再生水替代新鲜水的资源效益占比重最大,环境改善效益和地下水补给效益也较大,其余效益较小或为负.北京市再生水利用的生态环境效益约为其直接经济收益的1.8倍,说明北京市再生水利用符合可持续发展的理念.相关方法与研究成果可以为推动我国再生水利用的发展提供科学依据.     

山地风电工程建设中水土保持及植被恢复的设计方案探究

分析了云南风电建设的现状,提出了生态环保示范性山地风电工程的概念和原则,并以华能南华云台山风电工程为例,从建设前、中的水土保持措施及后期植被恢复方案对道路、弃渣场、风机平台等区域进行探究,并对工程建设的生态、经济效益进行了预测.研究指出,生态环保示范性山地风电工程的建设既不同于荒山造林或更新造林,也不同于园林绿化.既要考虑生态恢复和水土保持功能,又要考虑植被恢复效果、环境美化和降低成本.因而在前期、建设过程中要做好勘测,因地制宜多方评审,优化方案.能够让生态系统不经过人为的干预,还原、融入到被破坏前的环境当中去,将生态恢复和一定的经济效益、环境美化结合起来,实现改善生态、生活环境,促进人与自然和谐发展的最终目标.     

试论清代宁夏地区灾荒发生的社会成因

清代宁夏地区是全国灾荒最严重的地区之一,灾荒的发生有其自然成因,但社会成因更为重要.环境破坏、粮储不足、吏治腐败、战乱频发等社会因素使人民丧失了抵抗灾荒的能力,人民饥馑潦倒,政府财政窘困,最终导致灾荒频发.     

Variations in public and private employees’ perceptions of organizational preparedness for natural disasters

Studies have demonstrated that public and private organizations differ in many respects (e.g. funding mechanisms and risk-taking capabilities). Based on this scholarship, we expect to see differences in their disaster preparedness levels. Hence, we propose the following research question: Are there variations in public and private employees’ perceptions of organizational preparedness for natural disasters? We answer this question by employing the theories of publicness and social identity. We define publicness through the core approach arguing that public and private organizations are uniquely different based on their legal status or ownership and social identity as an individual’s feeling of oneness or belongingness to a particular group or organization. Using data gathered in 2014 from a nationally representative sample of 1634 public and private employees in the United States, we posit that employees of private organizations will report higher preparedness levels in comparison to employees of public organizations. Our proposition is based on scholarship that found a negative relationship between publicness and organizational identification and a positive relationship between organizational identification and organizational performance. Contrary to our proposition, but in line with the disaster literature, the results showed that in general, employees of public organizations reported a higher preparedness level than employees of private organizations.     

Speaking without words: A meta-analysis of over 70 years of research on the power of nonverbal cues in job interviews

What candidates say in an interview is important—but so is how they say it. We draw on dual-process theory to explain why interviewers rely on individuals' dynamic and static nonverbal cues to evaluate performance with quick, implicit inferences (System 1 processing). Yet, it remains unclear which cues most influence interviewers' judgments and whether moderators affecting interviewers' reliance on System 1 thinking (e.g., interview structure, modality, duration, and interviewee gender) impact the relationship between nonverbal cues and interview ratings. We performed the first meta-analysis to address these questions, integrating findings across 63 studies (N = 4868). The nonverbal cues demonstrating the strongest association with interview performance were professional appearance (ρ = .62), eye contact (ρ = .45), and head movement (ρ = .43). Moderator analyses highlight the persistent power of nonverbal cues, as the results were largely unaffected by interview structure, modality, or duration. Experimental design did play a role, as did interviewees' gender, with stronger effects for certain nonverbal cues (e.g., facial expressions and professional appearance) for women than men, conveying interviewers' reliance on gender-based stereotypes when judging their performance. Overall, these results suggest nonverbal cues and characteristics are an important influence on job applicants' success in employment interviews.     

廊坊市2015年燃煤锅炉改造成效评估分析

为改善京津冀地区空气质量,2015年北京市安排专项资金支持廊坊市大气污染治理工作。到去年底,廊坊市超额完成相关治理项目,淘汰改造燃煤锅炉1 315台,实现SO2年减排量6 799 t,NO_x减排3 547 t,烟尘减排5 178 t,为廊坊本地及京津冀地区空气质量改善做出了贡献。针对2015年廊坊市燃煤锅炉淘汰改造工作进行了环境经济效益分析及空气质量改善效果评估。结果表明:该项大气污染治理工作具有较大的环境效益及显著的污染削减效果,从长远角度有利于京津冀地区的大气污染防治工作顺利开展及区域空气质量的改善。     

地源热泵系统环保效益分析

阐述了地源热泵的节能机理及优点,并以沈阳某办公区为例,计算供暖期、制冷期节省标准煤量,结果表明：使用地源热泵供暖、制冷比传统方式全年减少排放二氧化碳4898．9t,二氧化硫27．6t,地源热泵的使用将带来巨大的环保效益和良好的生活环境。     

Evaluating cost and benefit of air pollution control policies in China: A systematic review

China has put great efforts into air pollution control over the past years and recently committed to its most ambitious climate target. Cost and benefit analysis has been widely used to evaluate the control policies in terms of past performance, future reduction potential,and direct and indirect impacts. To understand the cost and benefit analysis for air pollution control in China, we conducted a bibliometric review of more than 100 studies published over the past two decades, including the cur...