安全文化与和谐社会的关系及其建设的研究

在分析和谐社会、安全及安全文化内涵的基础上,从和谐社会的评价指标体系论证了安全与和谐的一致性;从安全文化与和谐社会的特征、功能、原则等方面,深入阐述安全文化建设与和谐社会构建的统一性;提出安全科学可以为和谐社会建设提供理论指导的新观点,进而为和谐社会建设作出贡献的思想。笔者提出了倡导安全健康主义、倡导安全健康信仰等建设安全文化的具体措施。     

Discussion on the Mode of China’s Low-carbon Society and Construction Routes

In responding to global climate change,the idea of low-carbon economy emerges as the times require.Developing low-carbon economy is based on the construction of low-carbon society.The so called "two-orientation society"(resources conservation orientated society and environmental friendly orientated society) is the concrete representation of low-carbon society with Chinese characteristics,and an actual action for China in developing low-carbon economy.Based on urban agglomeration,the paper discusses the meaning of and the route to low-carbon society which would better reflect the intrinsic requirements of such a society.     

基于“两型社会”的武汉城市圈土地集约利用评价

以获批全国"两型社会"建设综合配套改革试验区的武汉城市圈为研究对象,以"资源节约和环境保护"为目标,综合考虑土地集约利用的环境、社会、经济效应,阐述了土地集约利用的内涵,依据投入-产出等理论,构建了武汉城市圈土地集约利用评价体系,利用数据包络分析(简称DEA)法,对武汉城市圈土地集约利用进行了评价。研究结果表明:①武汉城市圈中仅有武汉、仙桃、天门三个城市是DEA有效的,DEA无效的6个城市DEA有效性从高到低分别是为黄冈、孝感、潜江、咸宁、鄂州、黄石;②影响武汉城市圈中城市DEA无效的因素是多样的,但主要集中在固定资产投资和单位GDP能耗等投入过多,GDP、社会商品销售额、财政收入、就业人员、生活垃圾处理率等产出率低。文章根据评价结果结合实际情况分析并指出了武汉城市圈发展过程中出现的土地利用问题,进而探讨"两型社会"框架下武汉城市圈应如何集约利用土地,优化配置土地资源,以实现"资源节约和环境保护"的目标。     

建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会:基于新制度经济学的视角

建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会,需要在人与自然和谐发展的共有信念下,通过制度创新和制度变迁,实现个体理性向集体理性的收敛。制度变迁是构建资源节约型、环境友好型社会的关键所在,而制度变迁的内在机理是资源相对价格和人们消费偏好的变迁。通过强制性制度变迁,建立完善的法律法规体系、政策支持体系、技术创新体系和激励约束机制,形成低投入、低消耗、低排放和高效率的节约型增长方式;通过诱致性制度变迁,唤起公众的节约意识和环保意识,从而提升整个社会的环境责任感,让足够的认知成为公众自觉行动的能力。     

A method for regional-scale material flow and decoupling analysis: A demonstration case study of Aichi prefecture, Japan

We have developed a method to analyse the annual material flow in a prefecture and have calculated environmental indicators for a prefecture. Material flow analysis (MFA) is important to clarify the structure of a regional society and obtain environmental indicators for a circular society. However, MFA has not advanced in local governments because of few local statistics. We have developed a method to analyse the annual material flow in Aichi prefecture from 1980 to 2000 using an input–output (I–O) table and statistics of Aichi. We have verified the accuracy of this method by comparing its results for 2000 which calculated on the basis of official I–O table for 1995 with the I–O table data for 2000; the correlation coefficient obtained in this case is greater than 0.95. Moreover, by performing MFA, we have estimated the resource consumption and decoupling indicator of each industry in Aichi prefecture from 1980 to 2000. We could obtain more detailed and accurate environmental indicators by using our method. From these results, we could estimate the progress of Aichi prefecture towards a circular society.     

高风险社会及其对策研究

经济和技术不断发展的过程中伴随的副作用使人类社会逐渐处于“风险社会”乃至“高风险社会”之中。当前我国正处于结构调整和社会转型中,存在着自然灾害、事故灾难、公共卫生事件和社会安全事件等各种各样的风险。在对现代社会风险的特点进行归纳后,对其量化方法也进行了初步探讨,并结合我国实际情况从影响风险大小的各因素入手,拟定了若干风险管理对策,对如何面对“风险社会”和提高风险承受能力可起到积极的参考作用。     

资源节约型社会评价指标体系的构建

建设资源节约型社会是当前中国极为迫切的任务。在分析资源节约型社会内涵基础上，根据整体性原则、针对性原则、应用性原则、可操作性原则和动态性原则，从经济节约指数、社会节约指数、科技支持指数和环境支持指数4个准则层面给出29个具体指标，基本涵盖了节约型社会的各个方面；最后从推进循环经济的发展、增强节约意识推进节约社会的发展、加快科技进步促进科技成果转化和改善、提高环境支持水平等方面，对提升资源节约型社会节约水平提出了建议。     

对节约型社会的几点思考

建设节约型社会是实现我国经济社会可持续发展的必然选择。建立节约型社会需要发挥政府、企业、个人三方面的作用，需要提高全民节约意识，树立科学发展观，进行体制、政策创新及推进技术进步。     

体育运动对提高大学生社会适应能力的作用

体育运动的社会特性毋庸置疑是提高人的社会健康水平，同时，人在体育运动时，既要定位与合作，又存在相互竞争的现象。这对提高大学生的社会适应能力具有一定的积极意义。     

Mining amid decentralization. Local governments and mining in the Philippines

In recent years, as part of its neoliberal development paradigm, the Government of the Philippines has engaged in efforts to encourage extraction of the nation's mineral resources. The Philippines is also a country where decentralization has devolved substantial powers to local governments. Concern over potentially adverse environmental effects has led to opposition to mining by some local governments in the Philippines. This opposition has led to the withholding of consent to mining projects by local governments and, in some cases, the implementation of moratoriums banning mining. Central to this opposition have been the activities of civil society groups, and their collaboration with local governments. This collaboration has involved the drafting of legislation prohibiting mining and support of candidates for office who are opposed to mining. Collectively, Filipino local governments and civil society groups are examples of the concept of governance, a dispersed process wherein society manages itself for the betterment of all its members. For mining companies seeking to implement projects, it is no longer sufficient to have the consent of the national Government — that of local governance forces must also be considered.