基于STIRPAT模型的武汉市环境影响驱动力分析

面对日益严重的环境问题,不仅要了解导致环境问题的各种驱动力,更应建立模型来精确描述环境影响与驱动力之间的关系。以武汉市为例,应用SPSS软件、以STIRPAT模型为依据,建立了描述环境影响与各驱动力之间精确关系的数个模型。模型计算结果表明:人口总量的增长和人类发展指数的上升是最主要的环境影响驱动力,城市化率、人均GDP等因素对环境也有影响;第三产业比重的上升有助于减小环境影响;基尼系数对环境几乎没有影响。以此为据,就如何改变这些影响因素,以减小环境影响提出了建议。除了人口总量等常规指标,还分析了人类发展指数、城市化率、基尼系数等指标,充实了环境影响驱动力指标体系,更客观反映了造成武汉市环境问题的原因。     

资源约束与发展中国家的可持续发展战略

本文针对一些经济学家的观点，提出发展中国家的经济发展存在着内能补充与熵增加两个重要的资源约束条件，使得其必须把一般意义上的生产可能性边界修正为可持续的生产可能性边界。在此基础上，作者通过揭示“终极目的”，提出了既能够满足两个资源约束条件又不其最大快乐目标实现的理论构想，为发展中国家实现可持续发展选择一条现实可行的道路。     

《化工厂危险程度分级》在大化肥厂的应用

评述１９９０ 年以后以天然气为原料的川化集团公司大化肥厂，利用化工部青岛劳保所开发的《化工厂危险程度分级》方法开展安全评价，并对评价出的潜在危险采取了安全措施，从而有效地提高了工厂的安全可靠性。在运用该评价方法时，一是将《分级》中安全管理等级的评定部分增加了评定内容，使之更符合工厂客观实际；二是将固有危险等级评价的手工处理和计算部分编制成计算机软件，提高了评价工效     

集于AutoCAD的采空区风火瓦斯耦合软件开发研究

为便于矿山管理人员操作使用,清晰了解采空区内空气流动的状态及各气体组分的浓度分布,防火防瓦斯耦合措施效果,同时考虑到基于绘图功能强大的AutoCAD及CFD技术开发了适合采空区的风火瓦斯耦合模拟软件,提供了采空区绘制、通风、注氮、闭墙、瓦斯钻孔、漏风源汇等图元,可对采空区流场进行数值模拟分析,优化通风参数,降低采空区自然发火的可能,并能优化矿山防瓦斯防灭火方案,对矿山的安全管理采空区具有指导意义。     

基于 Fl ue nt 的压气水自吸风喷雾与常规喷雾比较分析

利用Fluent软件分别对压气水自吸风喷雾与常规喷雾进行了数值模拟,并对二者的内部流场进行了比较分析,另外,还比较了相同截面距离下二者的雾滴粒径大小,实验结果表明,相对于常规喷雾降尘,采用压气水自吸风喷雾降尘的效果要更好。     

我国燃料乙醇的生产潜力与发展对策研究

论文测算了我国能源作物和农林废弃物等原料的燃料乙醇转化潜力,发现2015-2030年我国燃料乙醇的理论生产能力将从6 364×10⁴ t 增长到1.18×10⁸ t,可行的产量水平将在1 387.9×10⁴ t 以上。如果能实现这一产量,将在很大程度上缓解我国的石油供求矛盾。今后提高燃料乙醇生产能力的可行策略主要有以下方面：加强边际土地资源评估和开发,促进能源作物的规模化利用,通过利益引导加强秸秆能源化利用,延长林木采伐加工产业链,在农村地区发展沼气等新型能源替代薪柴。     

Nation‐building policies in Timor‐Leste: disaster risk reduction,including climate change adaptation

Few studies have explored the relationships between nation‐building, disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. Focusing on small island developing states, this paper examines nation‐building in Timor‐Leste, a small island developing state that recently achieved independence. Nation‐building in Timor‐Leste is explored in the context of disaster risk reduction, which necessarily includes climate change adaptation. The study presents a synopsis of Timor‐Leste's history and its nation‐building efforts as well as an overview of the state of knowledge of disaster risk reduction including climate change adaptation. It also offers an analysis of significant gaps and challenges in terms of vertical and horizontal governance, large donor presence, data availability and the integration of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation for nation‐building in Timor‐Leste. Relevant and applicable lessons are provided from other small island developing states to assist Timor‐Leste in identifying its own trajectory out of underdevelopment while it builds on existing strengths.     

Numerical simulation study of dust concentration distribution regularity in cavern stope

Based on the theory of gas-solid two-phase flow and the characteristics of cavern stope a model of dust migration was established. The dust concentration changing of cavern stope by ventilation in 20 min after blasting and the dust trajectory in different wind speed were simulated by Fluent Software. The results show that distribution of dust concentration is significantly affected by flow field of airway in cavern, and the dust concentration of inlet is higher than that of outlet and the highest one on the corner of inlet’s side. In the stope, the smaller the wind speed of inlet is, the shorter of dust can be captured, settled and discharged, the more obviously affected by the trajectory of gas flow field. It goes into the stage of clean cycle emissions after 60 s, the speed of dust concentration dropped is the biggest between 0 s and 70 s, the main dust in stope is respirable dust after 70 s, it needs much time to settlement.According to the measured data of metal mining, approximately 87% of dust was generated during the drilling and blasting in the mine (Wang, 1979). A lot of dust with high concentrations was produced during the cavern stope blasting and it was difficult to be discharged. It can help choose the right speed to rule out the dust quickly which produced during cavern blasting, if the dust concentration distribution and the dust migration law of different inlet velocity in the cavern can be verified, what’s more, the labor productivity can be increased. It has great significance for choosing reasonable ventilation parameters, reducing dust hazards of stope to researching the dust concentration distribution regularity in the stope.     

Sensitivity analysis of Phast’s atmospheric dispersion model for three toxic materials (nitric oxide, ammonia, chlorine)

We present the results of a parametric sensitivity analysis of a widely used model for atmospheric dispersion of toxic gases, in order better to understand the influence of user-adjustable parameters on model outputs. We have studied 60 min continuous release scenarios for three different products (nitric oxide, ammonia and chlorine), chosen to cover a range of physical characteristics and storage conditions. For each product, we have broken down base-case scenarios into a number of sub-scenarios corresponding to different release conditions which determine physical phenomena (flow rate, release angle, release elevation and atmospheric stability class). The use of statistical tools to analyze the results of a large number of model executions allows us to rank model parameters according to their influence on the variability of a number of model outputs (distances and concentrations), on a per-scenario and per-product basis. Analysis of the results allows us to verify our understanding of the modeling of cloud dispersion.     

PCS7控制系统在干式脉冲反吹除尘中的应用

以韶钢3^#高炉煤气布袋除尘为例,从工艺简介、硬件配置、软件组态等方面详细介绍了PCS7控制系统在煤气干式脉冲反吹除尘中的应用。