固定化甲烷八叠球菌提高甲烷化作用研究

用聚乙烯醇（ Ｐ Ｖ Ａ） 为包埋剂对甲烷八叠球菌（ Ｍｅｔｈａｎｏｓａｒｃｉｎａ ） 的富集培养物进行固定化, 并以甲醇为唯一碳源对其产气特性进行了研究．结果表明：以甲醇为唯一碳源时,固定化甲烷八叠球菌与非固定化甲烷八叠球菌的总产气量相似,但两者的产气特性有明显不同．固定化甲烷八叠球菌产气迟于非固定化甲烷八叠球菌,固定化甲烷八叠球菌的产气集中,在产气高峰两天中的产气量占总产气量的６６ ．０ ％ ．非固定化甲烷八叠球菌产气平稳, 平均日产甲烷量为８ ．９１ ｍ Ｌ／ｄ．固定化甲烷八叠球的电子显微镜观察结果表明, 细胞在固定介质中多呈较大包囊存在,包囊直径３０ ～５０ μｍ ．固定化甲烷八叠球处理豆制品废水的结果表明,在低有机物负荷下,固定化甲烷八叠球菌发挥着很大作用,有较低的出水 Ｃ Ｏ Ｄ 和较高的甲烷含量．在较高有机物负荷下,与对照无明显差别．其原因是在高有机物负荷和短水滞留期运转条件下,固定化甲烷八叠球菌受到抑制而失去活性所致     

14C-Ethion residues in soybean seeds: metabolic pathway,effect of processing,bioavailability, toxicity and protective action of artichoke leaf powder towards rats

The metabolic fate of ethion labeled with ¹⁴C-at the ethyl ester groups in soybean seeds following topical application to leaves was studied. Chromatographic analysis of soybean oil revealed the presence of the parent compound together with four metabolites which were identified as ethion monooxon, ethion dioxon, O-ethyl phosphorothioate and O,O-diethyl phosphorothioate. The effect of processing on ethion residues in soybean oil was investigated. The refined oil contained small amounts of the ¹⁴C-residues originally present (37.5%). Upon feeding rats with the cake containing ethion bound residues, a substantial amount of ¹⁴C-residues was eliminated in the urine (73%), and about 6% excreted with the feces. About 5% of the radioactive residues were distributed among various organs. Mature male Wistar rats were fed on soybean seeds containing ethion residues (1.93 ppm), and on artichoke leaves powder (1% W/W) for four weeks. At the end of the experimental period, the ethion-treated group had a significantly higher alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels. The ethion-treated rats also had a lower total serum protein and albumin levels, as well as acetyl cholinesterase (AChE), catalase (CAT), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity as compared with controls. Moreover, concomitant treatment with artichoke leaf powder improved, at least partially, all the biochemical parameters that were altered by ethion.     

Acute toxicity and histopathology study of a galactose-specific lectin from the seeds of Tetracarpidium conophorum (African walnut) (Hutch and Dalz)

A lactose-binding lectin (TCL) was purified from the seeds of African walnut, Tetracarpidium conophorum, and acute toxicity studies of the lectin were carried out with Swiss albino male mice. Animals were administered doses of TCL from 500 to 2500?mg?kg^?1 body weight (b.wt.) orally while intraperitoneally the dose ranged from 10 to 600?mg?kg^?1 b.wt. Animals were then assessed for organ and body weight changes, mortality, and histopathology. TCL did not cause any observable toxicity via the oral route; however, when administered intraperitoneally, TCL elicited toxicity with an LD₅₀ of 50?mg?kg^?1 b.wt. Death from intoxication was preceded by convulsion, hypoactivity, salivation, ataxia, and weakness. The animals given lethal doses of the lectin showed profound respiratory depression which was judged to be the primary cause of death. Histopathological analysis indicated that the lungs, liver, and spleen were adversely affected while the kidney and other organs were essentially normal. In all the affected organs, the severity of toxicity was dose-dependent as the effect of the lectin became more pronounced with increase of the dose administered.     

曝气时间对模拟豆制品废水处理效果影响

大豆营养丰富,保健功能强,其蛋白质含量高达36%以上,而胆固醇含量极低,因此已成为人们摄取植物性蛋白的主要来源之一。为了提高国民素质,根据《中国食物结构改革与发展纲要》,中国己于1996年9月正式启动了大豆行动计划,发展大豆生产,积极引导消费,鼓励国民特别是中小学生饮用豆奶,食用豆制品。随着大豆计划的实施,豆制品生产的供与求将越来越大,相应地其废水排放量也越来越大,因此豆制品废水的处理显得十分紧迫[1-4],采用厌氧好氧法处理模拟豆制品废水,考察曝气时间对厌氧处理后废水处理效果的影响。实验结果表明:进水COD为420 mg/L～580 mg/L,对废水中的COD、NH4+-N、PO34--P有较好的去除能力。该系统运行稳定,工艺可行。     

Gear oil formulation designed to meet bio-preferred criteria as well as give high performance

A bio-based gear oil was developed from soybean oil (SBO). The SBO was first thermally polymerised and then mixed with additives and diluents. The effect of pour point depressants, co-base oils, antioxidants and anti-wear additives is reported. Lubricity, viscosity index and oxidation stability of the final formulation of the bio-based gear oil are compared with commercially available gear oils. The final formulation of bio-based gear oil gives test results: viscosity index 165, four-ball wear scar 0.375 mm. These numbers are comparable to or better than the commercially available gear oils tested for comparison. The oxidation onset temperature of the bio-based gear oil, 220°C, is lower than the evaluated commercial products, but still at an acceptable range for gear oil.     

CO2和O3浓度倍增及复合效应对大豆生长和产量的影响

利用OTC-1型农田开顶式气室,模拟研究了大气中CO₂、O₃浓度倍增及其复合效应对大豆生长、根瘤和产量形成的影响.结果表明,CO₂浓度倍增促进根系生长,固氮能力增强,植株高度和基部粗度增加,对发育期、绿叶数和绿叶面积影响不大.O₃浓度倍增抑制大豆根系和茎的生长,固氮能力下降,叶片伤害使绿叶数和绿叶面积显著下降, 衰老提前.在CO₂和O₃的复合试验中,CO₂浓度增加明显缓解O₃浓度增加对大豆伤害和抑制作用,CO₂、O₃浓度持续倍增处理下大豆生长和固氮能力与CK的数量差异明显小于单一O₃浓度倍增与CK 的数量差异,逐渐增加CO₂、O₃浓度的刺激作用和剂量效应使大豆生长后期伤害加重,绿叶数、绿叶面积显著下降,而根系固氮能力有所提高.     

三江平原露水资源研究

研究了三江平原露日的变化特征,并对沼泽地毛果苔草(Carexlasiocarpa)群落和大豆地中露水的凝结进行了实地观测。结果表明:三江平原露水出现频率较高的季节是夏秋季(6～9月),露水凝结量最多的月份是9月;近12年来,年露日在66～108d,平均为95.42d;7～9月大豆地地面的露水凝结量明显高于沼泽地地面,而5～6、10月低于沼泽地地面;沼泽地中冠层的露水凝结量最多,地面上的露水量略低于顶层,而大豆地中露水凝结量的垂直差异不明显;2003年沼泽地、大豆地单位土地面积上实际凝结的露水量为20.68、19.46mm,分别占同期降雨量的5.05%、4.75%。露水在一定程度上弥补了干季降雨的不足,是影响水量平衡的重要因子。