铀胁迫对大豆与玉米幼苗细胞DNA损伤的彗星试验研究

以铀浓度为1000 μmol·L-1、800 μmol·L-1、600 μmol·L-1、400 μmol·L-1、200μmol·L-1和100μmol·L-1的6组铀溶液和对照组(0μmol·L-1)培养大豆和玉米幼苗,采用彗星试验研究铀胁迫对大豆和玉米幼苗细胞DNA的损伤情况.试验结果表明,铀浓度为1 000 μ...     

Gear oil formulation designed to meet bio-preferred criteria as well as give high performance

A bio-based gear oil was developed from soybean oil (SBO). The SBO was first thermally polymerised and then mixed with additives and diluents. The effect of pour point depressants, co-base oils, antioxidants and anti-wear additives is reported. Lubricity, viscosity index and oxidation stability of the final formulation of the bio-based gear oil are compared with commercially available gear oils. The final formulation of bio-based gear oil gives test results: viscosity index 165, four-ball wear scar 0.375 mm. These numbers are comparable to or better than the commercially available gear oils tested for comparison. The oxidation onset temperature of the bio-based gear oil, 220°C, is lower than the evaluated commercial products, but still at an acceptable range for gear oil.     

Effects of lanthanum（Ⅲ） on nitrogen metabolism of soybean seedlings under elevated UV-B radiation

The hydroponic culture experiments of soybean bean seedlings were conducted to investigate the effect of lanthanum(La)on nitrogen metabolism under two different levels of elevated UV-B radiation(UV-B,280-320 nm).The whole process of nitrogen metabolism involves uptake and transport of nitrate,nitrate assimilation,ammonium assimilation,amino acid biosynthesis,and protein synthesis. Compared with the control,UV-B radiation with the intensity of low level 0.15 W/m~2 and high level 0.45 W/m~2 significantly affected the whole nitrogen metabolism in soybean seedlings(p<0.05).It restricted uptake and transport of NO_3~-,inhibited activity of some key nitrogen-metabolism-related enzymes,such as:nitrate reductase(NR)to the nitrate reduction,glutamine systhetase(GS)and glutamine synthase(GOGAT)to the ammonia assimilation,while it increased the content of free amino acids and decreased that of soluble protein as well.The damage effect of high level of UV-B radiation on nitrogen metabolism was greater than that of low level. And UV-B radiation promoted the activity of the anti-adversity enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH),which reduced the toxicity of excess ammonia in plant.After pretreatment with the optimum concentration of La(20 mg/L),La could increase the activity of NR, GS,GOGAT,and GDH,and ammonia assimilation,but decrease nitrate and ammonia accumulation.In conclusion,La could relieve the damage effect of UV-B radiation on plant by regulating nitrogen metabolism process,and its alleviating effect under low level was better than that under the high one.     

土壤重金属复合污染对作物的影响

本文采用盆栽试验，研究了石灰性土壤中铜、镍、铅、锌复合污染对大豆和水稻的影响，并讨论了离子冲量在表征复合污染的综合效应及污染金属总量控制中的应用。结果表明：对于水稻，共存元素协同使产量降低，它们的影响顺序是：铜＞锌＞镍＞铅；对于大豆，铜、铅、锌的存在降低了镍的毒性，影响顺序了：铜＞铅＞锌＞镍。供试元素在作物体内的累积、分布和迁移除了受到本身性质和添加量影响外，还受到元素相互作用的影响，后者的影响很     

模拟酸雨胁迫下镧对高梁种子萌发的影响

以高粱(熊杂9号)为试材,研究酸雨胁迫下镧对高粱种子萌发、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、可溶性蛋白、丙二醛(MDA)含量和质膜透性的影响.结果显示,用12 mg·l~(-1)的LaCl_3溶液浸种处理高粱种子效果最佳.经La(Ⅲ)处理后,种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数均较单一酸雨处理组升高,pH 2.5时增幅最明显;pH 2.0时,酸雨严重破坏种子内部结构,La(Ⅲ)的加入已无法缓解酸雨引发的伤害.而经La(Ⅲ)处理后,低强度(pH 5.0-3.5)酸雨胁迫下,种子的POD活性较单一酸雨处理组升高,高强度(pH 3.0-2.0)时降低;可溶性蛋白含量较所有单一酸雨处理组升高,MDA含量和质膜透性较单一酸雨处理降低,pH 2.5-2.0时该效果尤为明显.表明La(Ⅲ)可通过调节高粱种子内部的POD活性减轻酸雨胁迫引发的膜脂过氧化,缓解对种子萌发的伤害.     

模拟酸雨和稀土镧对大豆幼苗的复合影响

采用水培法通过测定大豆幼苗叶片和根的POD活性、MDA含量、H2O2含量,研究了酸雨(AR)和稀土La(Ⅲ)对大豆幼苗POD活性和脂膜过氧化的复合影响。结果表明:单一La(Ⅲ)(RE1/20 mg/L、RE2/60 mg/L、RE3/100 mg/L、RE4/300 mg/L)处理时,低剂量La(Ⅲ)(RE1/20 mg/L)处理下,叶和根中POD活性高于CK而MDA和H2O2含量较之降低,高剂量La(Ⅲ)(RE2/60 mg/L、RE3/100 mg/L、RE4/300 mg/L)处理下,叶和根3项指标均升高。在酸雨(ARl/pH2.5、AR2/pH3.5和AR3/pH4.5)单独作用和RE+AR复合作用影响下,叶和根3项指标均升高;而且AR的pH越低,RE的浓度越高,叶和根中的3项指标增幅越大。RE1和AR复合处理下叶和根中3项指标的增幅低于AR单一处理,其它浓度RE和AR复合处理叶和根中的3项指标增幅高于各自单独作用。单一酸雨处理组各指标变幅为叶>根,单一镧和复合处理组各指标变幅为根>叶。