New technique using galactose-specific lectin for isolation of fetal cells from maternal blood

To isolate fetal cells from maternal blood, we developed a new method based on galactose-bearing conjugation. Nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs), which highly express galactose on their surface, were selectively attached to a substrate coated with a galactose-containing polymer via soybean agglutinin (SBA), a galactose-specific lectin. Cord blood samples were used to evaluate enrichment efficacy of NRBCs by this method. Blood samples were obtained from 131 pregnant women between 6 and 27 gestational weeks. After preliminary condensation of fetal cells by Ficoll gradient centrifugation, NRBCs were enriched using galactose-positive selection by adjusting SBA concentration. We isolated one to severalhundred NRBCs (mean±SD, 7.8±8.5) in 2.3 ml of peripheral blood samples from 96% of pregnantwomen. The isolated NRBCs were analyzed by a Y-chromosome FISH probe in eight cases carrying male fetuses. Y-signals were detected in all eight cases and more than half of the NRBCs wereoffetal origin. The study demonstrates that our new method using galactose-specific lectin provides effective enrichment of fetal NRBCs allowing non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

聚乙烯与磺胺二甲嘧啶复合胁迫对大豆种子萌发及幼苗生长生理特征的影响

土壤环境中微塑料吸附抗生素产生复合污染已不可避免,但二者复合胁迫下的植物生物效应尚不清楚.以大豆品种晋豆21号为试材,采用种子萌发试验和幼苗盆栽试验研究聚乙烯（PE）和磺胺二甲嘧啶（SMZ）不同单一及复合处理对大豆种子萌发、幼苗生长、光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数和氮代谢的影响.结果表明,单一PE处理对大豆种子萌发和幼苗生长生理的影响总体表现为"低促高抑"的规律,较低水平PE［10 mg ·L^-1（或mg ·kg^-1）］处理对大豆种子萌发、幼苗生长、光合作用和氮代谢有促进作用,但较高水平PE［100 mg ·L^-1和200 mg ·L^-1（或mg ·kg^-1）］的抑制作用显著;单一SMZ处理对大豆种子萌发和幼苗生长生理产生不同程度的抑制作用,且抑制程度随着SMZ处理水平的增加呈升高趋势.不同水平PE和SMZ复合处理下,较低水平PE的加入能够缓解单一SMZ处理对大豆的抑制作用,以10 mg ·L^-1（或mg ·kg^-1） PE+1 mg ·L^-1（或mg ·kg^-1） SMZ处理的综合缓解效果最佳,具体表现为较单一SMZ处理增加了大豆种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、株高、根长、地上部及根部鲜重、P_n、G_s、T_r、叶绿素含量、F_v/F_m、Φ_PSⅡ、ETR、qP和NR等氮代谢关键酶活性,降低了种子平均发芽时间、C_i、NPQ、NO₃^--N和NH₄⁺-N含量;而较高水平PE的加入增强了SMZ处理对大豆的抑制作用,且抑制程度随着SMZ处理水平的增加呈升高趋势,其中200 mg ·L^-1（或mg ·kg^-1） PE+50 mg ·L^-1（或mg ·kg^-1） SMZ处理的抑制程度最大.综上可知,低水平PE能够一定程度缓解单一SMZ胁迫对大豆种子和幼苗的抑制作用,而高水平PE的加入则与SMZ产生协同作用,加剧了单一胁迫处理的毒害效应.     

Impacts of the deforestation driven by agribusiness on urban population and economic activity in the Dry Chaco of Argentina

Agriculture expansion oriented to global market has changed the relation between population and deforestation in South America. Actually, the population dynamic in an agricultural frontier turned into a consequence of deforestation (rather than the cause). For Dry Chaco of Argentina during the period 1991–2001, we explore the impacts of deforestation over urban population and employment dynamics in small- and medium-size urban centers. We used deforestation maps from remote sensing data and demographic information from the national census. We found a positive relation between population growth and deforestation. Additionally, urban centers in a context of new and active deforestation stages generate more jobs than in a context of advanced stages. Based on our results, we suggest a boom and bust pattern. Agriculture expansion and deforestation generate transient jobs and benefits, but in a long-run perspective, positive impacts are uncertain.     

Protoplast fusion between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhodobacter sphaeroides for the treatment of soybean wastewater

The kinetic parameters and the purification rates of the hybrid cell Foaz in soybean processing wastewater (SPW) were measured through a shaking reaction and in two automatic regulated control stable fermentation systems (ARCSFS). The maximum specific growth rate of Foaz was 0.576 h^‐1, higher than that of one of its parental strains Rhodobacter sphaeroides P9479 and lower than that of another parental strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y9407. The BOD₅ removal rate of Foaz in the No. 1 system was 61.3%, higher than those of both its parental strains when the influent BOD₅ concentration was 4600 mg/L. The results of this study suggest that the hybrid Foaz has a better capacity of the degradation of organic pollutants in SPW than its parental strains and it may be applicable to the treatment of high concentration organic wastewater.     

利巴韦林对4种作物种子发芽的影响

利巴韦林作为一种强效抗病毒药物在畜禽养殖业中应用广泛,有着较高的生态环境风险。采用室内培养箱培养的方法,研究了利巴韦林对4种作物(小麦、白菜、萝卜和番茄)的种子发芽、根伸长和芽伸长的影响。结果表明,利巴韦林对4种作物的种子发芽率影响不大,但其浓度与4种作物的根伸长及芽伸长抑制率显著相关(P<0.01或P<0.05),作物的根伸长比芽伸长对利巴韦林的胁迫更敏感。土壤中利巴韦林浓度与4种作物根伸长抑制率之间呈现正相关关系。根伸长的抑制率达到10%所对应的利巴韦林浓度(IC10)分别为:IC10(白菜)=4.25mg·kg-1,IC10(番茄)=29.7mg·kg-1,IC10(萝卜)=33.2mg·kg-1,IC10(小麦)=49.4mg·kg-1。可以看出,4种作物对土壤中利巴韦林胁迫的敏感性依次是:白菜>番茄>萝卜>小麦。从利巴韦林对4种作物的根伸长和芽伸长抑制率综合来看,小麦对利巴韦林的耐受性最强,而白菜对利巴韦林最敏感。     

苗期玉米、大豆在土壤-植物系统N2O排放中的贡献

为区分植物在土壤-植物系统N₂O排放中的贡献,用封闭式箱法对在温室内砂培和土培的玉米、大豆幼苗及砂、土、砂-植物系统、土壤-植物系统的N2O排放进行了测定,同时对植物N₂O排放与植物叶片中的硝酸还原酶(NR)活性及NO₃^--N、NO₂^--N含量的关系进行了分析.结果表明:在53d的观测期内,玉米、大豆幼苗本身均可排放N₂O,且在土壤(砂)-植物系统的N₂O排放中占有很大份额(79.18%～100%);植物N₂O的排放与植物叶片的硝酸还原酶活性和NO₃^--N、NO₂^--N的含量显著正相关(R²≥0.97,n=6).     

Biodegradation Behavior of Some Vegetable Oil-Based Polymers

The potential biodegradability of several vegetable oil-based polymers was assessed by respirometry in soil for 60–100 days at temperatures of 30–58°C. Films of soybean oil and linseed oil which were oxidatively polymerized (Co catalyst) on a kraft paper support were 90%–100% mineralized to CO₂ after 70 days at 30°C. Mineralization of polymerized tung oil to CO₂ was much slower than soy or linseed oils. Mineralization of epoxy resins made from epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids was rapid while mineralization of similar resins made with a triacid (citric) was slower. There was no significant degradation of polyamine/ESO resins after 100 days at 58°C. Mineralization of the available carbon in vegetable oil polyurethanes and cationically polymerized ESO was less than 7.5% after 70 days at 30°C and 25 days at 55°C compared to 100% for soybean oil. From these results, it appears that triglycerides highly cross-linked with non-degradable linkages are not biodegradable to a significant extent while triglycerides cross-linked with hydrolysable bonds such as esters remain biodegradable.     

大豆浸出工艺生产污水处理技术研究

文章针对大豆浸出工艺污水污染物浓度高,且成分复杂的特点,确定处理工艺为气浮＋水解酸化＋生化法,并在实际工程的调试和使用过程中展开对油脂工业生产污水的处理技术研究,得到了很好的处理效果,为污水处理设计,工程建设和运行管理提供了有价值的经验数据。     

酸雨胁迫对大豆种子萌发过程中能量代谢的影响

为探索酸雨胁迫对大豆种子萌发过程中能量代谢的影响,采用pH2.0,2.5,4.0模拟酸雨处理大豆(台湾292)种子,研究不同强度酸雨胁迫对大豆种子呼吸速率,CAT活性,线粒体蛋白与ATP含量及能荷的影响.结果表明,随着酸雨胁迫强度增加(pH≤2.5),上述指标均呈下降趋势.高强度酸雨(pH为2.0)对大豆种子萌发时能量代谢的影响是最大的.     

石油污染土壤对黄豆生长的影响

通过盆栽实验,研究了不同石油烃质量比对黄豆幼苗叶绿素、丙二醛(MDA)含量和SOD活性的影响;通过田间实验,探讨了石油烃对黄豆生长性状、籽粒品质和土壤中微生物群落的影响.结果表明,石油烃质量比为3 000～5 000 mg·kg-1时,对黄豆幼苗叶绿素质量比、MDA含量和SOD活性无显著影响;质量比达到10 000 mg·kg-1时,叶绿素质量比和SOD活性分别降低10.8%和9.8%,MDA含量增加12.4%.田间实验发现,10 000 mg·kg-1处理对黄豆中粗蛋白质、粗脂肪质量分数和出苗率无显著影响,但对黄豆多数生长性状影响显著,有明显毒害作用.土壤中石油烃质量比达到30 000～50 000 mg·kg-1 时,黄豆株高、单株荚数、肉荚比、百粒重、根重、单株产量、生物量、出苗率、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪质量分数显著下降;苯并[a]芘质量比达到5.32～5.59 μg·kg-1,高于国家食品标准所规定的限量(＜5 μg·kg-1);微生物数量,特别是嗜油菌数量显著增加.