Enrichment and Isolation of a Mixed Bacterial Culture for Complete Mineralization of Endosulfan

In the present study, we isolated three novel bacterial species, namely, Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus circulans–I, and Bacillus circulans–II, from contaminated soil collected from the premises of a pesticide manufacturing industry. Batch experiments were conducted using both mixed and pure cultures to assess their potential for the degradation of aqueous endosulfan in aerobic and facultative anaerobic condition. The influence of supplementary carbon (dextrose) source on endosulfan degradation was also examined. After four weeks of incubation, mixed bacterial culture was able to degrade 71.82 ± 0.2% and 76.04 ± 0.2% of endosulfan in aerobic and facultative anaerobic conditions, respectively, with an initial endosulfan concentration of 50 mg l^?1. Addition of dextrose to the system amplified the endosulfan degradation efficiency by 13.36 ± 0.6% in aerobic system and 12.33 ± 0.6% in facultative anaerobic system. Pure culture studies were carried out to quantify the degradation potential of these individual species. Among the three species, Staphylococcus sp. utilized more beta endosulfan compared to alpha endosulfan in facultative anaerobic system, whereas Bacillus circulans–I and Bacillus circulans–II utilized more alpha endosulfan compared to beta endosulfan in aerobic system. In any of these degradation studies no known intermediate metabolites of endosulfan were observed.     

1株镰刀菌属KY123915的分离及其对17β-雌二醇的降解特性

以西安市某污水处理厂A²/O工艺的好氧池活性污泥为雌二醇降解菌菌源,以MYE为筛选培养基,利用富集培养和平板划线分离法筛选出1株可以利用17β-雌二醇（E2）为唯一碳源和能源进行生长代谢的菌株Wu-SP1.该菌株经鉴定为镰刀菌属（Fusarium sp.）,菌株的序列号为KY123915,该菌株降解E2的最适温度为30℃,最适pH值为6,在弱酸性范围内（pH4～6）,菌株对E2呈现较好的降解活性.在最佳温度和pH条件下对浓度为2 mg·L^-1的雌二醇48 h降解率可达92.5%.对浓度为10、100、500 mg·L^-1雌二醇的降解过程符合一级动力学反应.利用紫外光谱法对代谢中间产物进行测定发现,与雌二醇单体相比,代谢产物的最大吸收峰强度减弱,并在230nm和350nm处出现了较大吸收峰.中间产物可能为雌酮（E1）.     

石油降解菌XD-1产表面活性剂的性能

从含油废水中筛选分离到1株原油降解菌XD-1,鉴定为假单胞菌（Pseuomonas sp.）.初步实验表明菌XD-1具有较强的产表面活性剂乳化原油的作用,对该菌的产表面活性剂性能进行了研究.实验证明,菌XD-1所产表面活性剂为脂肽类物质,菌在生长对数期产表面活性剂,表面活性剂的产生为生长相关型;充足的碳源是产表面活性剂的必需条件,菌利用原油为碳源时能持续大量地产表面活性剂;原油和尿素为产表面活性剂的最适碳源和氮源,菌XD-1产表面活性剂的最佳营养培养基组成为葡萄糖10 g,尿素4 g,磷酸二氢钾1 g,微量元素液4 mL,水1 L,pH 8.0.     

利用鱼粉废水生产微生物絮凝剂的性能研究

假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.)GX-4-1可以利用鱼粉废水生产性能良好的微生物絮凝剂PSD-1,低温储存325 d内活性稳定.该絮凝剂具有良好的pH稳定性,对高岭土悬液的絮凝率高达90%以上.在pH=12时,该絮凝剂在沸水中加热30 min后,活性下降不到50%.经有机溶剂提取、冻干后获得的絮凝剂干粉活性回复率高达99.66%.考察了该絮凝剂对土壤悬液和大肠杆菌悬液的净化效果,发现在碱性条件下,以CaCl-2为絮凝助剂时处理效果良好.      

Lead Solubilization and Accumulation by Two Strains of Pseudomonas Obtained from a Contaminated Alfisol's Effluent in Southwestern Nigeria

Two strains of Pseudomonas species (B₂ and D₅)selected from an array of lead solubilizing and accumulatingbacteria obtained from the effluent contaminated soil samples of abattery manufacturing factory were studied. Increase in pH between 4.0 and 6.0 favoured the growth of isolates: Peaklog₁₀ cfu mL^–1 values of 7.1, 7.5 and 8.5 wereobtained at pH 4, 5 and 6, respectively.Cell bound lead concentrations for B₂ (0.34 mg mL^–1)and D₅ (0.30 mg mL^–1) obtained by direct contact withPbs were greater than lead concentrations of 0.89 and 0.25 mg mL^–1 for B₂ and D₅, respectively,obtained in dialyzed cultures. These cell bound lead concentration in undialyzed cultures were alsogreater than lead concentrations of 0.03 and 0.07 mg mL^–1 for B₂ and D₅ in culture supernatants. Glucose addition did nor improve lead accumulation in the isolates.Exploitation of such isolates for the biotreatment of lead ladeneffluent was conducted.     

CMC-膨润土交联固定镰刀菌反应器对对氯苯酚废水的降解特性

采用CMC-膨润土交联方法固定镰刀菌,研究了其固定方法对4-CP废水的降解效果,考察了固定化生物反应器间歇与连续运行处理4-CP废水的降解性能.结果表明,CMC-膨润土包埋固定镰刀菌对4-CP的降解速率最大;反应器间歇运行时,4-CP的降解率随其初始浓度增加而有所下降,浓度高于50 mg·L-1的4-CP降解过程基本上遵循零级反应动力学;当反应器连续运行12 h,停留时间6 h时,浓度50 mg·L-1的4-CP被完全降解.     

游离附生假单胞菌对铜绿微囊蓝细菌中32P释放的影响

采用同位素示踪法,分析游离附生假单胞菌(Pseudomonassp.)对富集32P的铜绿微囊蓝细菌(Microcystisaeruginosa)中磷释放的影响.研究结果表明:在微囊蓝细菌生长的延迟期和对数期,游离附生假单胞菌的加入抑制了微囊蓝细菌中32P的释放,而对蓝细菌的生长没有明显的影响;在微囊蓝细菌生长的稳定期和衰减期,假单胞菌促进其蓝细菌细胞内32P的释放,同时也加速微囊蓝细菌的衰亡.假单胞菌对微囊蓝细菌32P释放的促进作用是由于自身的吸磷能力导致的.假单胞菌的吸磷量由假单胞菌生物量和细胞内磷浓度决定,假单胞菌在微囊蓝细菌的整个生长阶段生物量不断增加,而体内32P浓度在开始阶段很低,直到微囊蓝细菌进入稳定期才达到相对稳定.     

苯并噻吩脱硫菌株的筛选及脱硫活性研究

从孤岛油田油浸土样中筛选到1株能降解苯并噻吩(BT)的脱硫菌,经初步鉴定该菌为戈登氏菌属(Gordona sp.).实验证明:该菌能以类似于4S途径脱除BT及其衍生物中的硫,但是不能脱除二苯并噻吩(DBT)及其衍生物中的硫.GC-MS分析表明该途径的终产物为邻羟基苯乙醛或其异构体苯并呋喃.在以BT为唯一硫源的培养基中30℃培养48h,Gordona sp.C-6能降解0.15mmol/L的BT,终产物占发酵培养基中BT加入量的50%,其余BT在有氧培养过程中挥发.通过Matlab拟合曲线确定以邻羟基苯乙酸为标准品进行产物定量检测的方法.     

Origin and transport of U and Ra in riverine,estuarine and marine sediments of the Krka River,Croatia

Spatial distribution of ²³⁸U and ²²⁶Ra activities in sediment columns along the Krka River and estuary, were studied using gamma spectrometry. Markedly different ²³⁸U and ²²⁶Ra activities between riverine, estuarine and marine sediments were observed. Distribution of these radionuclides, as well as their anthropogenic and natural origin, was evaluated by activity measurements, taking into account sedimentation rates estimated by ¹³⁷Cs distribution in sediment columns.     

Trametes sp.LS-10C漆酶对直接类偶氮染料的脱色作用

利用栓菌（Trametes sp.LS-10C）漆酶在单酶和漆酶-介体体系2种情况下对3种直接类偶氮染料进行脱色。结果表明,在给酶量为10 U·mL-1、染料浓度为100 mg·mL-1条件下反应24 h后,直接蓝86在非介体体系中脱色率达到71.2%,其最适脱色温度和pH范围分别为45~60℃和3.5~5.0;直接橙26在介体体系（10 μmol·L-1 ABTS）中脱色率达到78.7%,其最适脱色温度和pH范围分别为35~45℃和4.5~6.5;直接红31在介体体系（10 μmol·L-1 ABTS）中脱色率达到90.7%,其最适脱色温度和pH范围分别为35~45℃和3.5~5.0。