取代苯类化合物的二维息定量结构-活性相关研究

为了预测非反应性麻醉型化合物对发光菌的发光半抑制浓度,评价该类化合物的毒性效应,采用独特的二维HQSAR分析方法,根据分子碎片的类型,将分子结构转变成具有特征的分子指纹,并用数字进行标记。这些标记出的数字作为QSAR的描述符,经过偏最小二乘法计算,建立起化合物结构与生物毒性之间的相关关系,由此所获得的HQSAR预测值与实测值之间也存在较好的相关性,即-1g_(pre)EC_(50)=0.311 0.929(-1g_(exp)EC_(50))(n=13,r=0.964)。这一模型的预测效果明显优于传统的二维QSAR模型,其结果可以为定量评估同类化合物的生物毒性提供可靠依据。     

全球环境问题与当代国际关系

环境问题使人类面临着前所未有的生存与发展的巨大挑战，也深刻影响着当代国际关系的发展和演变。该文对环境问题引起的国家安全，全球环境问题的南北分歧，以及南北矛盾的焦点等几个方面，分别进行了阐述和分析，随着环境总是的国际化和全球化，国际社会把保护环境看成是各国政府的共同义务和责任，而与此同时国际间的环境合与竞争关系也得到了进一步的发展。     

重庆市主城区大气中NO2浓度时空分布特征

利用2017年1月1日～2017年12月31日重庆市主城区17个国控空气质量监测站24 h自动连续采样的二氧化氮(NO_2)浓度小时数据,探讨九个主城区大气中NO_2浓度的时空分布特征、与气象参数之间的关系和气团运动的影响。结果表明,主城区大气NO_2浓度全年北碚区达标率较高(76.16%),渝中区达标率低(3.84%),日均浓度呈夏季前下降、夏季后上升的趋势;月均浓度表现为冬季月份浓度高,其次为春季、秋季和夏季月份;周六、周日、周一和周二的浓度均值较高,周三、周四和周五的较低;小时浓度基本呈5:00～11:00和16:00～20:00上升、其余时间段下降的变化趋势;大气NO_2浓度空间分布差异显著,西北地区(北碚)大气NO_2浓度偏低、渝中区及其附近区域浓度偏高。影响大气中的NO_2浓度的主要气象因素有:气温、降水量、气压、日照和相对湿度;四季气流输送中,春冬季气流轨迹相似,主要源自西部、西北部气流,春季气流轨迹的ρ(NO_2)最高,夏季最低。研究结果可为今后重庆市大气的治理提供研究基础。     

Insights into multidimensional transport flux from vertical observation and numerical simulation in two cities in North China

This study represents the first quantitative evaluation of pollution transport budget within the boundary layer of typical cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region from the perspective of horizontal and vertical exchanges and further discusses the impact of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL)-free troposphere (FT) exchange on concentration of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) within the ABL during heavy pollution. From the perspective of the transport flux balance relationship, differences in pollution transport characteristics between the two cities is mainly reflected in the ABL-FT exchange effect. The FT mainly flowed into the ABL in BJ, while in SJZ, the outflow from the ABL to the FT was more intense. Combined with an analysis of vertical wind profile distribution, BJ was found to be more susceptible to the influence of northwest cold high prevailing in winter, while sinking of strong cold air allowed the FT flowing into the ABL influence the vertical exchange over BJ. In addition, we selected a typical pollution event for targeted analysis to understand mechanistic details of the influence of ABL-FT exchange on the pollution event. These results showed that ABL-FT interaction played an important role in PM_2.5 concentration within the ABL during heavy pollution. Especially in the early stage of heavy pollution, FT transport contributed as much as 82.74% of PM_2.5 within the ABL. These findings are significant for improving our understanding of pollution transport characteristics within the boundary layer and the effect of ABL-FT exchange on air quality.     

复垦区景观异质性研究

景观生态学目前发展较为迅速，研究的领域也日渐广泛，不仅有理论的探讨，也有应用方面的研究，从研究领域来看，研究较多的还是农业景观，森林景观、自然保护区与国家公园。复垦区景观异质性的研究还较少见，本文就这一问题作一初步探讨。     

The hierarchy and spatial characteristics of ecosystems: A reconsideration of the ecosystem concept (II)

This paper, based on the autonomy concept, continues to investigate hierarchical forms and spatial structure of ecosystems. The former can lead to limits for the selection of the component parts of an ecosystem and a distinction between its endogenous and exogenous variables; and the latter can be lead to a hypothesis of the space of an ecosystem: the space of an ecosystem = its habitat area + supporting area + impact area, and two characteristics of ecosystems, space-overlapping and the area of ecosystem space, have been further studied referring to human activities.     

昆明空气污染物等级与天气背景的关系

通过样本分析得出：昆明空气污染物主要为SO2,为轻度污染;秋冬季出现污染日较多,可分为高压脊控制型和偏西气流型天气背景。夏季出现污染日较少,主要为高压脊控制型天气背景;污染物浓度在一天中的分布特征呈“W”型;污染物预报方程。     

Spatial distribution of ecological security status assessment of West-Liaohe River based on geographic information system

Eco-security assessment is a hot research area in resource and environmental science, which involves data with much spatial, non-linear, and random features. Geographic information system (GIS), as a useful tool to analyze and manage spatial information, has a superior advantage in this field. A case study in the western part of the Liaohe River featuring a method of eco-security spatial differences (ESSD) based on GIS is developed in this paper. The method includes four steps: 1) developing the pressure-state-response (P-S-R) framework with site data; 2) digitizing West-Liaohe River and setting its GRID database of ecosecurity assessment indicators; 3) figuring out the relative membership degree (RMD) of eco-security indicators by using the analytical hierarchy process with the weight of indicator; 4) classifying the security zone and mapping the assessment result of eco-security status in grid by GIS method of assigning and clustering. The visual spatial differences of eco-security based on GIS enables decision makers to know the status of eco-security better in making policies for achieving sustainability. __________ Translated from Environmental Science, 2005, 26(5): 28–33 [译自: 环境科学]     

古尔班通古特沙漠1970-2000年代生物结皮覆盖变化研究

生物结皮是古尔班通古特沙漠主要的地表覆盖类型,也是维持其地表稳定的重要生物因子。论文利用20世纪70年代中期、80年代末期及21世纪初的遥感影像,通过生物结皮指数提取了古尔班通古特沙漠在相应时期内的生物结皮空间分布。在此基础上,分析了研究区近30年来生物结皮空间分布的变化特征;利用景观分析软件Fragstats计算了各个时期内结皮覆盖的景观指数熏并对其变化特征进行了分析。结果表明:由于新疆气候增湿、增暖明显,近30年来结皮发育良好。但由于油田开采、水利工程建设、牲畜放牧等人类活动的加强,结皮发育受到较为严重的干扰,区域内结皮斑块破碎化程度加大。     

天津地区表层土壤多环芳烃含量的中尺度空间结构特征

应用地统计学技术对全天津地区表层土壤中 16种优控多环芳烃含量和土壤理化参数进行了空间结构分析 .结果显示 ,各组分浓度均存在中尺度的空间自相关性 .多环芳烃浓度的空间结构存在明显的各向异性 .大气运移和土壤TOC含量可能是影响土壤多环芳烃浓度空间结构特征的重要环境因素 .