天柱山国内旅游市场空间结构分析与优化

从旅游客源和客流两方面分析了天柱山国内旅游市场的空间结构特征及其演化:2002年与1996年相比,天柱山国内旅游客源市场有扩散趋势,但仍呈较强的集中性,客源吸引半径小幅上升,呈明显的近程性;旅游客流在景区空间呈现多中心辐射扩散的分布点.在此基础上,划分了天柱山国内旅游市场空间圈层结构,对不同的圈层结构提出了不同的经营策略,以达到优化市场空间结构的目的.     

有机食品发展与生态保护政策相关性分析

通过对有机食品发展与“三农“问题、生物多样性保护、生态省建设、清洁生产、食品安全等国家生态保护政策之间的相关性进行了分析.在我国积极发展有机食品,是在农业领域内贯彻国家生态保护政策的具体体现.     

"九寨天堂"与九寨沟景区的互动关系

九寨天堂国际会议度假旅游中心与九寨沟景区之间存在着良性的互动关系。“九寨天堂”的开发对九寨沟景区起着积极的推动作用，九寨沟景区的发展对“九寨天堂”也有着直接的推进作用和内在优化功能，通过探讨两者之间的互动关系，旨在提出它们的良性互动模式及对策。     

基于"泛珠三角"区域合作的云南省地缘经济关系

“泛珠三角”是在经济全球化和区域经济一体化背景下产生的。实现区域整合发展,达到整体利益最大化,不但有利于增强各省区经济社会发展的活力,而且有利于提升区域综合竞争力,参与世界分工。基于前期设计的区域间地缘经济关系测度和分析方法,对云南省基于“泛珠三角”区域合作的地缘经济关系进行了数量测度、类型判别、评价和分析,以期达到指导云南省发展策略的制定,参与区域经济合作的目的。     

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF A SPATIAL HYDROLOGY MODEL OF OKEFENOKEE SWAMP,GEORGIA1

ABSTRACT: :The model described herein was used to assess effects of the Suwannee River sill (a low earthen dam constructed to impound the Suwannee River within the Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge to eliminate wildfires) on the hydrologic environment of Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia. Developed with Arc/Info Macro Language routines in the GRID environment, the model distributes water in the swamp landscape using precipitation, inflow, evapotranspiration, outflow, and standing water. Water movement direction and rate are determined by the neighborhood topographic gradient, determined using survey grade Global Positioning Systems technology. Model data include flow rates from USGS monitored gauges, precipitation volumes and water levels measured within the swamp, and estimated evapotranspiration volumes spatially modified by vegetation type. Model output in semi‐monthly time steps includes water depth, water surface elevation above mean sea level, and movement direction and volume. Model simulations indicate the sill impoundment affects 18 percent of the swamp during high water conditions when wildfires are scarce and has minimal spatial effect (increasing hydroperiods in less than 5 percent of the swamp) during low water and drought conditions when fire occurrence is high but precipitation and inflow volumes are limited.     

Spatial Variation and Space Optimization of the Development of China’s Circular Economy

China's circular economy is still at the initial stage, whose development has many difficulties and problems requiring immediate resolution theoretically and practically. Due to the differences of regions on the scale of land, endowment of resources, economic basis and cultural background, the developmental levels and capabilities of circular economy are inevitably different. Based on establishing the indicator system for assessing the developmental level of regional circular economy, spatial variation of China's circular economy is measured by the quantitative measurement using principal component analysis, and the existing problems are also analyzed and discussed. On one hand, the differences of the development capability of the circular economy of different provinces (cities) are profound in China; ①Difference between the first category (strong) and the second category (relatively strong) is 1.1264 points. Difference between the second category and the third category (relatively weak) is 0.3867 points. Difference between the third category and the fourth category (weak) is 1.0238 points. Difference between the first category and the fourth category reaches up to 2.0869 points. Average difference between the area where the developmental level of circular economy is relatively strong and the area where the developmental level of circular economy is relatively weak is 1.3617 points. ②The differences of the distribution of the areas, with different development capability of circular economy, which are located in the three economic regions of China, are also profound. The regions with a relatively strong development capability of circular economy are mainly located in the eastern economic area, which account for 22.58% of the whole regions, while only account for 12.90% in the middle and western economic areas. On the contrary, the regions with a relatively weak development capability of circular economy account for 48.39% in the middle and western area, while account for 16.13% in the eastern area. On the other hand, among regions with different development capability of circular economy, the regions with a relatively weak development capability of circular economy are in a dominant position, which accountfor 64.52% of all the provinces (cities), which indicates that the development of the China's circular economy still has a long way to go. Though certain achievements have been made in the development of China's circular economy, in general, there are still some obstacles to be tacked in the development of China's circular economy which require the economic, legal and administrative methods.     

Flood risk management in Dutch local spatial planning practices

Spatial planning is increasingly regarded as an important instrument to reduce flood consequences. Nevertheless, there are very few studies that show why local planning authorities do or do not systematically use spatial planning in advance to mitigate flood risks. This paper explores flood reduction strategies in local planning practices in the Netherlands. It also explores why spatial planning was or was not used to reduce flood consequences. The arguments for the use or non-use of planning mainly referred to requirements from other governmental bodies and the perceived role and the related responsibility of local planning authorities, previous disaster experience, and previous experience with spatial planning for flood risk management.     

太湖流域上游河流污染空间分布特征研究

为把握太湖流域上游西北部河网区域水体的N、P污染特征及其空间分布,2010年8月在该区域内的武进港 直湖港水系、洮滆水系、丹扁孟河（丹金溧漕运河、扁担河及孟津河）以及宜溧河水系的河网,监测了39个河流断面的水质。研究表明,4水系TN平均浓度分别为388、283、291及193 mg/L,DTN占TN比重分别为9180%、7843%、7001%及8444%,河网氮输出均以DTN为主。在DTN中NO-3 N浓度所占比重分别为6747%、5275%、7748%及4281%,NH+4 N浓度所占比重分别为1633%、3316%、1127%及4351%。TP平均浓度分别为059、030、026及015 mg/L,DTP所占比重分别为6213%、4019%、4673%及3197%,而PO3-4 P浓度占DTP比重分别为2073%、5461%、4327%及7772%。武进港 直湖港水系N平均浓度显著（〖WTBX〗p〖WTBZ〗<001）高于宜溧河水系,与其它两水系无显著差异,P平均浓度显著（〖WTBX〗p〖WTBZ〗<005）高于宜溧河水系和丹扁孟河,与洮滆水系无显著差异。影响太湖流域上游西北部区域河流水网水质的主导因素为氮污染,而其中以DTN污染最为严重。太湖西北部是蓝藻水华暴发的重灾区,上游区域DTN的大量输入,将成为引发太湖水体生态系统灾变的潜在风险     

长江流域逐月气温空间插值方法的探讨

长江流域地形地貌特征复杂。为了探索适合长江流域的逐月气温数据空间插值方法,在考虑海拔、经纬度、坡度、坡向对气温影响和没有考虑这些地形因子对气温影响的两种情况下,利用流域151个气象站2007年逐月气温与对应的站点地形因子进行回归分析,并与回归直线截距相加产生栅格化的回归气温值,同时对回归多项式的残差分别运用反距离权重法（IDW）、普通克立格法（OK）和样条函数法（SPLINE）气温进行了空间插值,然后将栅格化的回归气温值与残差的插值结果相加得到空间化的逐月气温数据,并利用交叉检验方法对插值精度进行了评估。结果表明：考虑了地形因子影响的3种插值方法的精度都有比较明显的提高,对于普通克立格法,平均绝对误差（MAE）从103℃降到060℃,均方根误差（RMSE）从238℃降到123℃;对于反距离权重法,MAE从110℃降到065℃,RMSE从248℃降到138℃;对于样条插值法,MAE从124℃降到074℃,RMSE从266℃降到151℃。考虑了地形因子影响的空间插值方法整体上要优于没有考虑地形因子的空间插值方法,其中,基于地形因子的普通克里格插值方法结果相对较好     

Spatial cross-correlation of undisturbed,natural shortleaf pine stands in northern Georgia

In this study a cross-correlation statistic is used to analyse the spatial relationship among stand characteristics of natural, undisturbed shortleaf pine stands sampled during 1961–72 and 1972–82 in northern Georgia. Stand characteristics included stand age, site index, tree density, hardwood competition, and mortality. In each time period, the spatial cross-correlation statistic was used to construct cross-correlograms and cumulative cross-correlograms for all significant pairwise combination of stand characteristics. Both the cross-correlograms and cumulative cross-correlograms identified small-scale clustering and weak directional gradients for different stand characteristics in each time period. The cumulative cross-correlograms, which are based on inverse distance weighting were more sensitive in detecting small-scale clustering than the cross-correlograms based on a 0–1 weighting. Further analysis suggested that the significant cross-correlation observed among basal area growth and other stand characteristics were due, in a large part, on a subset of sample plots located in the northern part of the state, rather than regional or broad-scale variation as first thought. The ability to analyse the spatial relationship between two or more response surfaces should provide valuable insight in the development of ecosystem level models and assist decision makers in formulating pertinent policy on intelligent multiresource management.