溴甲酚紫-十六烷基二甲基苄基溴化铵法测定废水中阴离子表面活性剂含量

采用溴甲酚紫-十六烷基二甲基苄基溴化铵法测定洗涤剂工业的生产废水或生活污水中阴离子表面活性剂的含量。实验表明:适合的溶液pH为8,测定波长λmax为588nm,在十六烷基二甲基苄基溴离子质量浓度为15.0mg/mL的条件下,十二烷基苯磺酸钠质量浓度在0—50μg/mL范围内符合比耳定律,其摩尔吸光系数为3.48×104L/(mol·cm),该方法的相对标准偏差小于4%,试样加标平均回收率为96%-102%。该法可用于测定工业废水、河流等环境水样中的阴离子表面活性剂含量。     

分光光度法测定底质总磷的方法探讨

在一定条件下,用硫酸和过氧化氢进行消解,使不溶性磷酸盐和有机磷转化为正磷酸盐,待测液与钼酸盐反应生成磷钼杂多酸,加入还原剂抗坏血酸后转变成蓝色络合物,进行比色测定。实验表明,该方法回收率为93．4％～99．7％,检出限为0．009mg／L,RSD为4．0％。方法简便、可靠,能满足环境监测底质总磷分析的需要。     

Determining short chain fatty acids in sewage sludge hydrolysate：A comparison of three analytical methods and investigation of sample storage effects

In anaerobic digestion, the production of short-chain fatty acids （SCFAs） can be beneficial or harmful to the overall process, depending on the concentration of accumulated acids. Therefore, the accurate determination of the SCFA concentration in both fresh and stored sludge hydrolysates is important. To select a suitable method for monitoring SCFAs during the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge, the accuracy of three available analytical methods, including 5 pH point acid titration （TITRA5）, gas chromatography （GC）, and spectrophotometry, were compared in the present study. The results revealed that TITRA5 and GC displayed better agreement in the achieved measurements and higher precision and accuracy than the spectrophotometric assay, as supported by the application of different statistical models. TITRA5 excelled in titrating unfiltered hydrolysate while simultaneously measuring the alkalinity, whereas the GC method provided detailed information on the contribution of different fatty acids to the total acidity. In contrast, the spectrophotometric assay suffered from many forms of interference, depending on the sample＇s matrix. SCFA production followed the pattern of enzymatic reactions and fitted the Michaelis-Menten model. In addition to promoting TITRA5 as an accurate and robust analytical tool for routine SCFA analyses, this comparative study also demonstrated the possibility of storing hydrolysate samples at different temperatures and durations without altering the SCFA measurements.     

大庆油田采油污水对斑马鱼过氧化氢酶的影响研究

为研究大庆油田采油污水对生物过氧化氢酶（Catalase,CAT）的毒性效应,判定采油污水对生物体的损害程度.以斑马鱼为实验材料,利用大庆油田不同稀释倍数（66.7倍、52.6倍、33.3倍）的采油污水胁迫培养斑马鱼,通过紫外分光光度法测定斑马鱼的不同部位CAT的变化情况,研究采油污水对斑马鱼毒性效应.结果表明,在相同的处理时间和环境条件下,随着采油污水稀释倍数的减小,斑马鱼的不同部位的CAT含量呈增加趋势,当达到一定稀释倍数时CAT的增长发生抑制,CAT含量减少,斑马鱼的生理状况也随之产生变化,甚至死亡.为此需要重视对大庆油田采油污水排放的监管、规范和治理.     

分光光度法测定大气中的过氧化物

采用液氮冷冻法采集大气中的过氧化物,并用分光光度法测定其浓度.研究中对大气采样条件和样品测定条件进行了探讨,并将测定结果与高压液相色谱法的测定结果进行了对比.在野外大气监测中应用该方法测定了长江三角洲地区大气中过氧化物浓度及日变化规律.结果表明,分光光度法显色稳定,灵敏度高,检测下限为7.92×10-8mol/L,可用于测定大气中的H2O2和有机过氧化物,是一种操作方便,易于推广的方法.     

不同酸对造纸黑液酸析效果的研究

采用酸析法从造纸黑液中分离木质素,同时去除部分COD和色度,从而完成对黑液的初步处理。实验研究了酸析的最佳pH值,并将硫酸、硝酸、盐酸、磷酸、甲酸和草酸作为酸析剂,分析其分别对黑液色度、COD的去除效果及对木质素提取的影响。介绍了通过快速消解分光光度法来测定COD值,和用分光光度法测定色度值,分别建立COD值和色度对吸光度的工作曲线,使测量更加方便高效快捷,其精确度和准确度都能符合分析方法要求。实验结果表明,酸析效果较好的pH取值范围为2～4,考虑用酸的经济性和处理效果,选择pH=3作为最佳酸析条件;经过对酸析过程规律和原因的分析可得,硫酸、硝酸和磷酸对黑液处理效果较为理想,其中硫酸因其经济性被选为最佳,其色度、COD去除率分别为97.9%和66.1%,木质素的析出量为8.65 g/L。     

Photocatalytic degradation of the dye sulforhodamine-B： A comparative study of different light sources

The photocatalytic degradation of dye pollutant sulforhodamine-B （SRB） in aqueous titanium dioxide （TiO2） dispersions was examined under three lighting regimes： UV light （330 nm〈λ〈 380 nm）, sunlight, and visible light （λ〉450 nm）, all investigated at pH=2.5. Total organic carbon （TOC） and chemical oxygen demand （CODer） assays show that the degradation rate of SRB is much higher when irradiated with UV and sunlight compared with visible light. The temporal concentration changes of SRB illustrated a first-order reaction and the rate constant, k, is 0.197 min^-1, 0.152 min^-1, 0.027 min^-1, respectively, under the three lighting conditions. The final mineralized products were amine compounds identified by infrared spectrophotometry. When irradiated with visible light, the photocatalytic degradation rate could be improved by lowering the H2O2 concentration and inhibited by increasing the H2O2 concentration, but results contrary to the above were obtained when UV light was used for irradiation.     

搅拌萃取-红外分光光度法测定污水中石油类

以四氯化碳为萃取溶剂,自动搅拌萃取污水样品中的总油,有机相经硅酸镁吸附脱除极性物质后,选择红外分光光度法测定其中的石油类,方法检出限为0.024 mg/L;对实际水样进行4个质量浓度水平的加标回收试验,回收率在88.0%~108%之间,6次测定的相对标准偏差为2.9%~6.1%,满足污水中石油类的测试要求。     

红外分光光度法测定烟道气中油烟的探讨

结合水体石油类监测分析方法在实际应用中的经验，对饮服业油烟进行监测，并提出几点看法。     

溴酸钾氧化氨基黑10B催化光度法测定痕量亚硝酸根

研究了在磷酸介质中 ,痕量亚硝酸根对溴酸钾氧化氨基黑 1 0 B的催化褪色作用 ,建立了催化动力学光度法测定痕量亚硝酸根的新方法 ,并探讨了动力学反应条件 ,方法的线性范围为 0～ 1μg/1 0 ml,检出限为 4.88× 1 0 - 9g/ml,用于地面水及雨水中亚硝酸根的测定 ,结果满意。