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151.
Ernani V. Pereira-Junior Fabrício G. Giori Altina L. Nascimento Valdemar L. Tornisielo 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):238-246
Brazil is the largest sugarcane producer in the world in which hexazinone (3-cyclohexyl-6-dimethylamino-1-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-dione) and tebuthiuron (1-(5-tert-butyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-1,3-dimethylurea) are heavily used. Sugarcane harvesting is changing from the manual system with previous straw burning to the mechanized system without straw burning. The lack of burning results in soil organic carbon accumulation mainly in clayey soils, which should affect herbicides availability and fate. Therefore, we evaluated sorption of these herbicides in soil samples with and without straw burning. Both herbicides presented low apparent sorption coefficients (mean Kd,app= 0.6 and 2.4 L kg?1 for hexazinone and tebuthiuron, respectively), suggesting that they may leach to groundwater. Moreover, their sorption correlated primarily with soil organic carbon (SOC), but iron oxide contents extracted with ammonium oxalate (Fe2O3AOX) also affected it (Kd,app = ?0.228 + 0.0397 SOC + 0.117 Fe2O3AOX for hexazinone and Kd,app = ?1.407 + 0.201 SOC + 0.348 Fe2O3AOX for tebuthiuron). Soil organic carbon accumulation due to straw maintenance in the field positively affected sorption of both herbicides, but its effects were not enough to classify them as “non-leachers.” 相似文献
152.
本文论述林火管理中防止大火成灾的重要性,并以系统工程为主要手段,通过计算机运算提供的数据,指挥人员选用相对优化的决策。依靠现代化的灭火技术,最大限度地制止大火蔓延直到熄灭,其目标是把火灾损失限制在最小程度. 相似文献
153.
综放工作面采空区区域划分实用性分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
随着综采放顶煤技术的进一步推广.采空区自燃理论纷纷兴起.由于受各自立场和条件限制,在现场实际应用过程中,这些理论常被误解误用,以致造成不必要的经济损失。为完善综放防灭火技术,更好地发挥理论的指导作用,根据多年的现场实践,研究总结出各自的适用条件,并使之形成一个完整的应用体系。即:1)在通常条件下,应用常规的“三带”理论或自燃新“三区”理论,以加快工作面回采推进速度,为防灭火措施的首选,但不能忽视均压(堵塞漏风通道)的作用;2)在特殊情形下(有尾巷或无旁侧采空区的综放面的回采初期),应用自燃四区理论,采用以堵塞漏风通道为主、加快回采推进速度为次的综合防灭火措施。 相似文献
154.
155.
DDS系列煤炭自燃阻化剂实验研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
为寻找高效阻化剂以防止煤炭自热引燃,在控温炉中对DDS系列煤自燃阻化剂的阻化效果进行了实验研究,并与经前的阻化剂做了比较。实验采用烟煤作为试样,借助于著名的Frank-Kamenetskii模型,利用4,6,8和10厘米立方体阻化煤磁地60-220℃温度范围估测其氧化反应的活化能。 相似文献
156.
157.
基于活化能指标的煤自燃倾向性及发火期研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在煤的自燃及热分析动力学的基础上,结合对神东矿区3种煤样进行了热重实验,运用热重分析手段对煤从常温到燃点之间的氧化热解过程进行了研究。运用不同动力学机制模型函数分别对热重分析数据进行了处理和相关性分析,结果表明煤炭氧化热解过程符合一级化学反应动力学机制,据此求出活化能等动力学参数。对基于活化能指标的煤的自燃倾向性及自然发火期进行了初步研究。经过研究发现,该方法是科学的、客观的。 相似文献
158.
浅谈综放开采煤层自燃火灾及其防治 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
综放开采作为一种特殊的采煤方法 ,其煤层自燃也有其自身的特点。笔者分析总结了综放开采煤层自燃的特点 ,以及各地点发生自燃火灾的相对难易程度 ,并从综放开采工艺和其他治理措施两个方面提出综放开采煤层自燃火灾预防和治理的方法和建议 ,指出改进综放开采工艺是预防煤层自燃火灾发生最为经济、有效的措施 相似文献
159.
Biomass burning associated with shifting cultivation areas from the northeastern region of India is an important source of trace gas emissions in the Southeast Asian region. In the present study, satellite data pertaining to IRS-P4 OCM data and DMSP-OLS has been used to quantify the intensity, areal extent and amount of biomass burnt in the northeastern region states at district level. Trace gas emissions have been quantified both by using IPCC based emission ratios and ground based emission ratios obtained from field based studies. Areal estimates with respect to shifting cultivation areas from IRS-P4 OCM satellite data of 4th April 2000 suggested nearly 112.99 km2 of the northeastern region of India affected due to shifting cultivation. In the study, DMSP OLS nighttime data has been used to capture the real time fires during the dry season. The results suggested high amount of fires during the March season when compared to April and May. Using the emission ratios obtained from the ground-based studies and IPCC emission ratios, the emissions for the individual non-CO2 trace gases have been computed in a GIS framework using the biomass data, combustion factors and emission ratios. Results suggested emissions of 2.063 Mt CH4, 17.94 Mt CO, 1.419 Mt N2O, and 51.28 Mt NO
x
and 2.643 Mt release of CH4, 3.7204 Mt CO, 0.145 Mt N2O, and 8.477 Mt NO
x
, respectively, from biomass burning due to shifting cultivation for the year 2000, from the northeastern region in India. The study highlights the importance of Satellite Remote sensing data and GIS in quantifying the trace gas emissions from biomass burning. 相似文献
160.
This paper discusses processes and factors for estimating time period windows of in situ burning of spilled oil at sea. Time-periods of in situ burning of Alaska North Slope (ANS) crude oil are estimated using available data. Three crucial steps are identified. The First Step is to determine the time it takes for the evaporative loss to reach the known or established limitation for evaporation and compare this time-period with estimated time of ignition at the ambient wind and sea temperatures. The Second Step is to determine the water up-take of the spilled oil and compare it with the known or established limitation for water-in-oil content. The Third Step is to determine the necessary heat load from the igniter to bring the surface temperature of the spilled oil to its flash point temperature so that it will burn at the estimated time period for ignition of the slick. 相似文献