Properties of steel foundry electric arc furnace dust solidified/stabilized with Portland cement

Electric arc furnace dust from steel production is generated in considerable amounts worldwide and needs to be treated as hazardous waste. The aim of this study was to investigate the properties of electric arc furnace dust solidified/stabilized by using Portland cement. Mortar and paste samples were prepared with varying waste-to-binder ratios between 0% and 90%. A comprehensive experimental program was designed including XRF characterization, setting time, unconfined compressive strength, and toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP), synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP), and acid neutralization capacity (ANC) tests. The results were evaluated in order to determine if the solidified /stabilized product can be disposed of at a landfill site with domestic waste or at a segregated landfill. The effect of using sand on S/S performance was also investigated. The results indicated that the solidification /stabilization process using PC helps the heavy metals to be bound in the cement matrix, but the TCLP leaching results exceeded the EPA landfilling limits. The SPLP leaching results conformed to the limits implying that the waste or S/S products can be disposed of at a segregated landfill; however the low ANC of the S/S products reveals that there may be leaching in the long-term. The sand used in the mortar samples adversely affected the S/S performance, causing higher heavy metal leaching levels, and lower pH levels in the leachate after the TCLP extraction than those measured in the leachate of the paste samples.     

危险废物稳定化/固化技术的现状与发展

本文对危险废物稳定化／固化处理技术的历史、现状以及今后的发展方向进行了较为系统的论述，对该技术在处理危险废物时所存在的问题进行了探讨，认为今后药剂稳定化技术在废物处置预处理领域将会占据重要的地位。     

基于BP神经网络的垃圾堆放场稳定化程度的综合判别

分析和判别垃圾堆放场的稳定化程度直接关系到是否需要采取加快稳定化进程，缩短垃圾堆放场的稳定化周期以及是否需要采取措施减少它们对环境的不利影响。本文根据我国垃圾堆放场的具体情况，提出稳定化程度的判别评价指标体系，并且确定稳定化程度的判别标准，运用BP神经网络建立垃圾堆放场稳定化程度的综合判别模型。以三峡库区的一个小型垃圾堆放场为例，采用本文所提出的综合评价模型确定它的稳定化程度，演示模型的运行过程，并为三峡库区的环境保护提供帮助。     

经过水泥固化的重金属废物的穿透渗漏实验

采用穿透渗漏实验方法研究了经水泥固化的重金属废物的长期渗漏行为。用由Ｐｂ＾２＋、Ｚｎ＾２＋、Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｎｉ＾２＋和Ｃｒ＾６＋５种重金属组成的合成废物样品进行２组实验。实验研究了渗漏实验液流速、ＰＨ的变化和金属渗漏能力对固体废物长期渗漏行为的影响。     

The role of European marram grass in dune stabilization and succession near Cape Agulhas, South Africa

The coastline near the southern tip of Africa is characterized by large mobile dunes that are driven along wide beaches by strong winds throughout the year. This results in the blockage of the river mouths causing severe flooding of the low-lying farmland of the Agulhas Plain during the rainy winter season. Large parts of the driftsands were stabilized with the European dune pioneer species Marram grass (Ammophila arenaria), which has proved highly invasive along the North American west coast. In order to establish the potential invasiveness ofA. arenaria in South African coastal dune systems and its role in the succession of a large stabilization area, studies were carried out on De Mond Nature Reverve. Using aerial photos, maps and planting records, the vegetation of sites of various ages were sampled. By means of this chronosequence of stands, there is clear evidence that succession takes place at De Mond. Four communities are distinguished, varying from recent plantings ofA. arenaria to mature dune thicket or dune fynbos (heath) vegetation. These relate to four different stages of succession,A. arenaria occurring in reduced abundance in the older communities. After 50 years, formerA. arenaria areas are usually covered by dense dune scrub and in some places even in asteraceous dune fynbos. Succession is most rapid in sheltered, moist dune slacks, butA. arenaria remains vigorous in conditions favourable for its growht, i.e. on exposed, steep dune slopes with strong sand movement.A. arenaria does not appear to spread unaidedly at De Mond and has been successfully used for temporary dune stabilization.     

城市污水处理厂污泥稳定性与污水处理工艺关系研究

选取SCOD／TCOD作为评价稳定程度的标准，通过碱解液化的实验方法，对徐州市7个不同工艺的污水处理厂污泥稳定性进行了测试，以求污泥稳定性与污水处理工艺的关系，从而为污水处理工艺是否需要建设污泥消化池以及如何优化污水与污泥处理工艺系统提供参考性建议。     

重金属废物稳定化处理技术现状及发展

本文在综述重金属废物的处理技术现状的基础上 ,重点论述了重金属危险废物的药剂稳定化机理和方法 ,提出重金属螯合剂在重金属污染治理中将发挥重要作用。     

不同含量外源镉在红壤中的变化特征

为探讨外源离子态镉（Cd）进入红壤后随时间的变化特征,在农田土壤中添加不同含量的Cd （0、0.3、2.0、5.0、10、30、60和100 mg ·kg^-1）,分别于第3、7、14、28、42、56、70和84 d时取样,采用BCR分级提取法分析农田土壤Cd的赋存形态,使用3种动力学模型模拟农田土壤Cd的稳定化和分布特征.结果表明：①外源Cd进入土壤后,土壤Cd的形态会重新进行分配,趋向于供试土壤Cd原始形态分布特征,Cd与土壤的结合强度会随时间的增加而增加,并且总再分配系数会逐渐趋于1.②红壤中外源Cd的稳定化是一个较为长期的过程.弱酸可提取态会逐渐向其他3种形态转换,最终转换为残渣态.在84d内,可氧化态在0.3 mg ·kg^-1时,会随时间逐渐减小,其余形态则相反.在84 d内,可还原态在30 mg ·kg^-1以下时,会随时间逐渐减小,其余形态则相反.③在红壤中,外源Cd的稳定化过程主要是多个反应机制共同控制的扩散过程.当外源Cd添加量越高时,会导致其残渣态的变化速率越高.研究结果可为以外源Cd为基础的相关研究以及重金属污染土壤风险管控与修复提供理论依据.     

铁铈氧化物对土壤As (Ⅴ)和P的稳定化效果

本文以铁铈氧化物(Fe-Ce,FC)为研究对象,评估其对中国3种典型砷(As)污染土壤的稳定化修复效果,并通过电子扫描显微镜能散X线分析仪(SEM-EDS)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)等光谱学技术探索FC对As(Ⅴ)的微观吸附特征.结果表明,FC能使土壤毒性浸出As含量显著降低84. 1%～98. 3%,且在碱性土壤中表现出较强的高p H适应性,能显著增加吸附态As(F1+F2)向水合铁铝氧化物结合态(F3+F4)的稳定化. FC能使不同类型土壤的有效态P含量显著下降47. 13%～60. 32%,不仅能缓解P竞争土壤As(Ⅴ)吸附位点,而且能有效预防周边水体的面源污染.通过SEM-EDS和XPS分析,发现As(Ⅴ)吸附产物表面均检测到Fe、Ce和As这3种元素,且As主要吸附于Fe原子表面. FC在我国土壤砷污染稳定化修复领域具有较好地应用前景.     

污染土壤稳定化碳排放计算方法及案例研究

基于污染土壤稳定化全生命周期分析,确定碳排放核算边界,提出碳排放计算方法.稳定剂生产、基础设施建设、工程实施、稳定化土壤处置是污染土壤稳定化主要碳排放来源;方案设计、稳定化土壤养护和工程验收产生的碳排放量占总碳排放量的比例较小.基于提出的碳排放计算方法,评价了某砒霜厂遗留地块污染土壤原地异位稳定化的碳排放.结果表明,该工程总碳排放量为421516.31kg,稳定化每吨污染土壤的碳排放量为34.78kg;稳定剂原材料产生的碳排放是稳定化最主要的碳排放来源,占总碳排放量86.26%;其次为稳定剂原材料和稳定剂运输过程中运输工具能源消耗产生的碳排放,占总碳排放量10.82%.据此,研发低碳稳定剂和缩短材料运输距离是污染土壤稳定化碳减排的2个重要路径.