浅谈县级环境监测站质量体系的建立、运行和改进

针对县级环境监测站质量体系的建立、运行和改进问题,介绍了县级环境监测站管理体系的构成,探讨了建立质量体系应注意的事项,主要包括:确定可行的质量方针、目标和计划,设置足够的部门和确定必备的分析项目和建立适用的质量管理框图,这是保证县域环境监测数据代表性、准确性的前提和保证,处理好县级环境监测站质量体系的建立和运行存在各种制约因素,就可以有效建立、运行和改进县级环境监测站质量体系,使监测数据适合县级监测站实际情况的质量体系。     

深溪沟电站大坝强震监测系统设计及应用

强震监测是大坝安全监测的重要内容之一,强震监测成果对大坝的安全性和稳定性分析有重要作用。本文根据水电站枢纽工程实际对深溪沟水库大坝强震监测系统设计开展研究,并对仪器的性能指标和数据采集处理分析软件进行了全面阐述。通过深溪沟水电站建设大坝强震监测系统的运行实践,大坝强震监测系统可以在地震发生后短时间内自动获取强震动加速度记录,储存地震波数据,并显示大坝坝体各测点的地震反应过程。强震监测结果进一步验证了设计烈度,为判定震后大坝安全性提供了支持。     

LNG供气站重大事故风险及定量评价

为对LNG供气站进行综合评价,分析了LNG站的事故因素及其来源.根据事故特征,采用冲击波超压和火球热辐射评估模型.采用蒙特卡罗随机模拟方法(Monte-Carlo)确定模型中源项的数据分布及概率.编制事故危害程度和危害范围的计算程序,并对某LNG站进行了定量风险评价(QRA)计算.计算确定了空间各点的事故概率分布、风险等级及LNG供气站的综合风险指数.计算结果表明,某LNG站的死亡事故率为6.94人,平均个人风险为0.609×10-3人·次/a,符合风险标准.     

矿井通风系统多级机站的合理配置

多级机站通风方法自80年代以来在国内许多矿山得到推广应用,其理论日趋成熟,但机站的合理配置仍是一个有待深入研究的问题。为解决这一问题,引入了机站比风压的概念,定量化地解决了机站合理风压确定和矿井通风系统机站级数合理配置的问题。     

EVALUATION OF WATER QUALITY SAMPLING LOCATIONS ON THE YUKON RIVER1

ABSTRACT: This paper presents an approach to the evaluation of water quality sampling locations for their potential use for long term monitoring. This approach was applied to four sites on the Yukon River near the Canada-United States boundary. At three of these sites it was difficult to obtain representative samples due to the presence of extensive lateral heterogeneities. These heterogeneities occur because of a lack of mixing between the Yukon River and the major tributaries upstream from Dawson. Only one of the sampling locations is spatially homogeneous enough to provide representative samples. Concentration variations over the annual cycle are very large, often as much as two orders of magnitude. Estimates are made of the frequency and density with which samples must be collected to be able to detect a 10 percent different between annual mean concentrations. The estimated frequencies are so large that such an undertaking would be impractical. More importantly, the assumptions of this analysis are invalid, and time series analysis of fixed frequency samples is proposed as an alternative that is statistically rigorous and requires fewer samples.     

SIZING SMALL STORMWATER PUMP STATIONS1

ABSTRACT: Design of a stormwater pump station is a complicated procedure because of the large number of parameters that are involved. Even the most basic pump station serving a small catchment requires a computationally intensive iterative evaluation. However, the design problem consists primarily of finding the combination of temporary storage and pump capacity that accommodates runoff of the selected recurrence interval for the least cost. A procedure is developed for rapidly obtaining the needed relation between storage volume and discharge for small pump stations where a constant outflow can be assumed and the inflow hydro-graph can be represented using the modified rational method with rainfall given by a widely-used intensity-duration equation. Accepting the limitations of the modified rational method and the simplifications applied to pump station operation, the procedure provides an uncomplicated way of rapidly finding the stormwater runoff volume that needs to be temporarily stored for given values of pump discharge and activation water level (or, equivalently, activation storage volume). Ultimate determination of temporary runoff storage will depend on an economic analysis of the trade-off between storage volume and pump capacity.     

县级环境监测站首次计量认证工作的探讨

分析了县级环境监测站的现状,探讨了首次计量认证工作的程序、应注意的问题。     

石化企业燃煤电厂二氧化硫控制对策研究

通过对国内外燃煤电厂二氧化硫控制现状、政策及技术的对比分析，提出了石化企业燃煤电厂二氧化硫控制的战略性对策。     

大规模客流条件下铁路车站旅客安全保障体系的研究

大规模客流对我国各大城市铁路车站旅客的安全潜伏着极大的隐患,车站旅客安全保障体系的建设显得十分重要。分析在大规模客流条件下,车站旅客可能发生的主要安全问题,包括拥挤踩踏、灾害、公共卫生、犯罪、自身发病等意外事件;提出建立旅客安全保障体系的层次结构,研究了旅客安全保障体系的流程;从车站客流组织和管理角度、车站设计角度、服务设施角度等方面来研究大规模客流条件下车站安全保障工作中应采取的措施。保障旅客安全是车站工作的重点,必须通过科学的手段,从各方面综合、严密地进行管理和组织,才能实现铁路车站的安全运营。     

油气田环境监测站能力验证工作

随着我国加入WTO,许多油气田实验室已先后通过了中国实验室国家认可委员会(CNAL)的验证。在该项活动中,能力检验是一项十分重要的内容。河南石油勘探局环境监测站参加了《CNAL2003年度能力验证计划》中溶液酸度检测项目活动,借鉴了国内外能力验证工作的经验,取得了较好的效果。文章论述了油气田环境监测站能力验证的基本概念,并对能力验证的定义、分类、组织和设计、运作及能力评价等问题进行了讨论,给出了与之相关的应用实例。