围产期二英暴露对学龄前儿童类固醇激素的影响

为揭示围产期二噁英(PCDD/DFs)暴露对学龄前儿童类固醇激素水平的影响.采用液相色谱-质谱联用法(LC-MS/MS)及高分辨气相色谱法/高分辨质谱联用法(HRGC/HRMS)分析二噁英污染地区5岁儿童(n=37)及非污染地区5岁儿童(n=44)血清中8种类固醇激素水平及母乳中17种二噁英同系物浓度.结果显示污染地区男孩血清中睾酮、双氢睾酮、脱氢表雄酮的水平明显低于非污染地区(p0.05).污染地区女孩血清中睾酮、双氢睾酮、脱氢表雄酮、17α-羟孕酮、孕酮的水平明显低于非污染地区(p0.05).上述类固醇激素与部分二噁英同系物浓度存在显著性负相关.以上结果表明围产期二■英暴露导致学龄前儿童类固醇激素水平降低.     

Isolation and characterization of a bacterial strain that efficiently degrades sex steroid hormones

A bacterial strain, ZY3, growing on sex steroid hormones as the sole source of carbon and energy was isolated from the sewage treatment plant of a prophylactic steroids factory. ZY3 degrades the 3-methoxy-17β-hydroxy-1,3,5(10),8(9)-δ-4-estren (MHE). This strain was preliminarily identified as Raoultella sp. ZY3 according to its morphology and its 16S rRNA gene sequence. During the experimental period (72 h), the optimum temperature, pH and 3-MHE concentration for the degradation of hydride by the strain ZY3 were 35°C, 10 and 10 mg/L, respectively. The degradation rate of the sex steroid hormones increased to 87% and 85% after the addition of maltose and peptone, respectively. Translated from China Environmental Science, 2005, 25(5): 585–588 [译自: 中国环境科学]     

Associations between maternal phthalate exposure and cord sex hormones in human infants

It has been speculated that maternal phthalate exposure may affect reproductive development in human newborns. However, the mechanism awaits further investigation. The aim is to evaluate the association between maternal phthalate exposure and cord sex steroid hormones in pregnant women and their newborns from the general population. A total of 155 maternal and infant pair were recruited and analyzed. Levels of urinary phthalate metabolites and sex steroid hormones were determined using liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) and radioimmunoassay (RIA), respectively. No significant correlation was found between each steroid hormones and phthalate metabolites for male newborns, except MMP was marginally significantly correlated with E₂. After adjusting for maternal age, estradiol (E₂) levels in cord serum from male newborns were not correlated with maternal urinary phthalate metabolites. In female newborns, the maternal urinary levels of mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (5OH-MEHP) were negatively correlated with the free testosterone (fT) and fT/E₂ levels in cord serum with Pearson correlation coefficients ranging between −0.24 and −0.29 (p < 0.05). Additionally, after gestational age was adjusted, the maternal urinary level of DEHP was negatively correlated with the free testosterone (fT) and fT/E₂ levels in cord serum. We suggest that maternal exposure to phthalates may affect sex steroid hormones status in fetal and newborn stage.     

The Effect of Estrogens,River Water,and Treated Wastewater on Vitellogenin Induction of Japanese Medaka1

Abstract: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of estrogens on fish endocrine disruption in river water and treated wastewater. Endogenous estrogen estrone (E1), 17β‐estradiol (E2), river water, and treated wastewater were used for exposure tests on male Japanese medaka. Vitellogenin induction in male medaka was regarded as the endpoint of endocrine disruption. The effective concentrations of E1 and E2 on vitellogenin induction in medaka were evaluated by breeding medaka for 14 days in tanks with various concentrations of E1 or E2. Vitellogenin induction increased with elapse of time during exposure, with higher estrogen concentrations causing greater vitellogenin induction. According to the test results, the lowest observed effect concentrations (LOECs) of E1 and E2 were estimated to be 31.6 and 5.0 ng/l, respectively; and the E2 equivalent (EEQ) LOEC value of E1 was 5.2 ng‐E2/l, derived by multiplying the relative potency of E1 by that of E2 as estimated in this study. In continuous exposure tests using river water or treated wastewater, the estrogenic activity, an index of total estrogenic potential measured by yeast screen assay and expressed as EEQ, varied widely during the exposure tests, and significant vitellogenin induction was observed after several days of high levels of estrogenic activity in water. Vitellogenin concentration tended to significantly increase if EEQ exceeded the level of 5 ng‐E2/l. The threshold value was substantially the same as the results for E1 and E2 exposure tests of medaka. Consequently, EEQ over 5 ng‐E2/l was revealed to have the potential to cause endocrine disruption of male medaka. As estrogenic activity exceeding 5 ng‐E2/l was observed in some rivers in Japan, total estrogenic potential needs to be further decreased at wastewater treatment plants to prevent fish endocrine disruption.     

The influence of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on steroid hormone production by porcine ovarian granulosa cells in vitro

Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) are frequently occurring in feed of pigs together. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible in vitro effects of DON and ZEA, alone or their combination on steroid secretion of porcine ovarian granulosa cells (GCs). A species-specific model with porcine ovarian GCs was used to study the potential endocrine disrupting effects of DON and ZEA alone and in co-exposure. Progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results of this study demonstrate that DON alone at the higher concentrations may act to stimulate P4 (at 1,000, 2,000, 3,000 and 5,000 ng mL^?1 but not 10 and 100 ng mL^?1) and E2 (at 2,000, 3,000 and 5,000 ng mL^?1 but not 10, 100 and 1000 ng mL^?1) secretion. The effects of ZEA on P4 and E2 secretion were not confirmed. DON in combination with the other fusariotoxin ZEA may impair steroidogenesis. Results aslo demonstrate different toxicological effects of fusariotoxins on follicle stimulating hormone-induced secretion of P4 and E2. All these results taken together suggest that fusariotoxin and their interactions can impact ovarian steroidogenesis, thereby demonstrating their potential reproductive effects in pigs.     

环境雌激素的生物检测与应用

环境雌激素问题已成为环境领域的研究热点。因此,建立简单快速有效的检测方法显得尤其重要。目前对污染物雌激素效应的测评主要依赖于生物学方法,文章主要介绍了子宫生长实验、肝细胞卵黄蛋白原生成实验、人乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7)增值实验、重组基因酵母实验、酵母双杂交实验五种主要的环境雌激素生物检测方法及其在国内外环境激素测评中的应用现状。     

天然与人工合成雌激素及其去除途径

文章介绍了环境雌激素的种类及其危害。主要讨论了天然雌激素(雌酮、17β-雌二醇)与人工合成雌激素(17α-乙炔基雌二醇)的物化性质与结构、危害及其在污水处理中的去除途径。结合近期国内外对环境雌激素的研究,指出污水处理中天然与人工合成雌激素主要通过吸附、生物降解和高级氧化去除。     

藻源可溶有机质对17β-雌二醇生物降解的影响

为探究藻源可溶有机质(COM)及其生物老化过程对湖泊水体中17β-雌二醇(E2)生物降解的影响特征,通过模拟生物老化,得到5种不同生物活性的COM样品:S0(78％)>S1(67％)>S2(36％)>S3(13％)>S4(1％).结果表明,经过60h的避光培养实验,相同浓度(8mgC/L)的COM样品均提高了微生物群落...     

环境雌激素对男性生育因子的破坏作用

本文介绍了环境雌激素多氯联苯(PCBs)和酞酸酯(PEs)对男性生育因子的破坏作用,以及PCBs和PEs对精液参数的作用机制．对生育和不育男性的精液参数间的差异、精液异雌激素和精液参数间的相关性,以及不同范畴的不育男性精液质量的分析表明,PCBs和PEs对无明显病原学的不育男性的精液质量可能有破坏作用．     

类固醇激素在环境中的污染现状及归趋

类固醇激素是一类典型的环境内分泌干扰物(endocrine disrupting chemicals,EDCs),具有极强的内分泌干扰效应和生物活性,因其在各种环境介质中频繁被检出,近几十年来受到了人们的广泛关注。本文系统综述了环境中类固醇激素的主要来源、途径与污染现状及其环境行为,并对未来研究方向进行展望。