深部采场进路开采顶板稳定性分析与支护设计

为降低深部矿体开采中冒顶事故的发生概率,确保井下安全开采,采用Q系统分级法、RMR岩体分类和BQ分级法对矿区岩体进行质量评价,结合块体理论和三维有限元分析进路开挖后顶板的稳定性。研究表明:部分岩体在进路开挖后顶板处出现较大拉应力集中,抗拉稳定性降低,极有可能出现冒顶事故。针对这类不稳定岩体,提出永久巷道采用锚喷支护,临时巷道采用锚杆穿带支护;并运用悬吊理论、组合梁理论、屈服强度理论和安全系数法分析支护条件下进路顶板的稳定性,优化支护结构参数。通过振弦式锚杆应力计收集现场未支护巷道与支护巷道轴向力,得出该支护设计对开挖后岩体变形起到了明显改善作用。     

音频电透视法在防治矿井水患中的应用

为了探明某矿20910工作面顶板0~100 m上高部区域岩层富水性分布情况,基于音频电透视法,通过在工作面回风巷、运输巷布置了59个发射点,104个接收点,获得了工作面顶板0~50 m、50~100 m高度范围音频电透视成果图。探测结果表明,20910工作面顶板0~100 m存在4处低阻异常区域,实际回采揭露发现涌水点5处,均位于探测低阻异常区域,探测结果与实际揭露结果验证很吻合。实践表明,该矿20910工作面顶板0~100 m音频电透视法探测成果合理可靠,音频电透视法可以准确探测出工作面顶板一定范围内相对富水区域分布情况。     

Evaluating the impact of green roof evapotranspiration on annual building energy performance

The performance of the building envelope predominantly determines the ultimate energy performance throughout the lifecycle of a building. A sustainable alternative to enhance roof performance while limiting heat flux through a roof is integrating passive techniques such as green roof. Particularly, green roof performance is sensitive to local climate. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the evapotranspiration effect of an extensive green roof on annual energy consumption of an office building in relation to the humid continental climate of Republic of Korea. The dynamic behavior of green roof and building energy performance were investigated through a parametric simulation method using green roof module in EnergyPlus coupled with jEPlus. Structural data of the reference building and ASHARE 90.1-2007 operational schedules were used as inputs for baseline building model while inputs for the green roof module were based on experimental data sets. Due to the influence of the humid conditions and local wind current on the evapotranspiration process, it was generally found that high leaf area index (LAI) reduced cooling energy demand and somewhat reduced heating energy demand as well; corresponding to the highest daily evapotranspiration fluxes of 4.79 mm day^?1 in summer and 1.80 mm day^?1 in winter. Increasing LAI from 20% to 100% cover increased evapotranspiration flux by 10.4% in summer and 80.2% in winter. Thus to minimize energy losses in winter, foliage cover must be carefully considered. Within limitations specified, the overall annual building energy consumption deceased by 90.9 GJ (3.7%).     

基于模糊-理想点法的海下采场顶板稳定性分析

为准确评价复杂地质条件下海下采场顶板的稳定性,提出将模糊数学中的隶属度与理想点法相结合的模型。针对海下采场的特殊地质条件,综合考虑水文地质因素、工程地质因素、采场结构因素以及其他因素4个方面,选取9个评价指标。通过对指标进行隶属度化处理,由变异系数法确定指标权重,建立顶板分级模型。最后,根据三山岛金矿5个采场现场调查以及室内试验获得的指标数据,应用该模型对顶板稳定级别进行评判。结果表明,该模型的评判等级结果与工程实际相符,从而验证模型可用于海下采场顶板的稳定性分析。     

Greenery on residential buildings: Does it affect preferences and perceptions of beauty?

Recently there has been a surge in the number of green roofs and façades (vegetation on the roofs & walls of a building) installed in the UK, with advocation of their use by policy-makers and claims that they are aesthetically pleasing and promote restoration. But these claims rely on generalisations from different landscapes, raising concerns about validity. The present study examined whether houses with vegetation would be more preferred than those without, be perceived as more beautiful and restorative, and have a more positive affective quality. Differences between types of building-integrated vegetation were also examined. Two studies were conducted: an online survey in which participants (N = 188) rated photographs of houses with and without vegetation on each of these measures, and interviews (N = 8) which examined preference and installation concerns. Results showed that houses with (some types of) building-integrated vegetation were significantly more preferred, beautiful, restorative, and had a more positive affective quality than those without. The ivy façade and meadow roof rated highest on each. These findings are consistent with other areas of landscape research and the claims of those in the industry, and suggest that building-integrated vegetation would be a valuable addition to the urban environment.     

大空间中庭内热分层环境下环境温度对烟气上升高度的影响

根据稳定线性热分层环境下羽流积分控制方程,分析了温度因素对羽流中性浮力点高度和羽流最大上升高度的影响,在大空间实验室开展了一系列实验,采集环境温度,计算竖向温度梯度,利用摄像机拍摄并记录烟气层上升高度,通过实验数据对理论分析结果进行了验证。     

水生生物基准推导中物种选择方法研究

运用Mann-Whitney U检验法对不同生物分类群内的物种对氨氮的毒性敏感性进行分析和统计检验,并基于毒理学、生物分类学,从抽样-推断的角度对物种选择进行讨论,并对物种选择与基准推导方法的关系进行梳理.结果发现,物种毒性数据中脊椎动物占绝大部分,尤其是辐鳍纲,与真实生态系统中物种类群结构不符;大部分不同分类群间物种对氨氮的敏感性差异显著,随着物种分类阶元级别降低,大部分分类群内物种的差异逐渐减小,个别分类群内物种的敏感性未呈现相似的规律,尤其是相对不敏感的物种;总体上,能在一定程度上说明同一分类群内的生物有相对接近的敏感性.由抽样-推断理论与方法可知,基准推导属于基于抽样设计的统计推断,因此,可以将生物分类类群作为物种选择的辅助变量,依据水生态系统中物种组成,运用分层随机抽样技术进行物种选择,以提高抽样效率和精度.     

不同屋面类型径流污染特征研究

了解不同屋面类型对径流污染特征的影响,对控制城市非点源污染具有重要意义.选取不同材质、不同形状和老化程度的典型屋面,采用事件平均浓度（EMC）和M（V）曲线判识方法,对不同屋面类型降雨径流污染浓度、污染负荷和初期冲刷效应进行分析.结果表明,油毡屋面径流污染物平均浓度大于彩钢屋面;老化材料径流污染物平均浓度大于未老化屋面,未老化油毡屋面降雨冲刷效应更为明显;尖形顶屋面相比弓形顶屋面初期冲刷效应更为明显.     

北京市中心城区屋面径流污染特征及来源分析

以北京市中心城区屋面径流为研究对象,对2019年6～9月期间7场降雨事件中屋面径流及附近降雨水质情况开展监测,分析了屋面径流及降雨水质特征、径流初始冲刷效应、径流污染物浓度影响因素及其来源特征.结果表明,北京市中心城区屋面径流中总氮、氨氮、化学需氧量和悬浮物污染较为严重,降雨事件径流平均浓度(EMC)均超过《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)Ⅴ类标准限值[悬浮物超过《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)二级排放标准];降雨水质相对较好,但氨氮和总氮也存在超标情况.屋面径流中各污染物初始冲刷强度以中等和微弱为主,由大到小排序依次为：氨氮>悬浮物>化学需氧量>总氮>汞>锌>总磷>铅.屋面径流中悬浮物、化学需氧量、总磷浓度水平与干燥期长度呈显著正相关,与降雨强度呈显著负相关.结合主成分分析结果可知,降雨中的主要污染物为交通运输来源的氮类污染物,屋面径流中的主要污染物则为屋面材料老化和金属雨落管锈蚀释放的悬浮物、有机物和磷类污染物.     

煤矿顶板事故不安全动作分析及预防

煤矿顶板事故多发,但由于不易造成群死群伤的重特大事故而得不到人们足够的重视,因此有必要对顶板事故原因进行分析并提出对策。基于行为安全"2-4"模型,分析了50起典型煤矿顶板事故的不安全动作,得到需要重点预防的不安全动作为违章指挥、未检查工作环境、空顶作业、安全监察工作不到位、支护质量差。将煤矿工作人员分类后分析得出,对事故影响最大的人员类别是现场指挥人员和一线员工,煤矿需对此二类人员进行重点培训。煤矿首先应纠正员工的不安全动作,培养其安全动作习惯,其次通过安全文化的宣贯和安全管理体系的完善,加强管理监督,组织循环安全培训,丰富工作人员的安全知识、提高工作人员的安全意识、培养员工安全的工作习惯,逐步使其从认识上改变工作作风,杜绝不安全动作的发出。