我国生态环境保护综合行政执法问题研究?——基于法律文本的量化分析

生态环境执法是生态环境治理的核心内容,随着我国综合行政执法的推进,环境领域也步入综合执法改革阶段。生态环境综合执法改革仍处于改革的初期,需要逐步调整和完善。本文以《生态环境保护综合行政执法事项指导目录（2020年版）》列出的相关法律文本为研究对象,构建基于生态环境执法内容、执法阶段和执法方式的分析框架。通过对生态环境综合执法法律文本的编码和量化分析,发现生态环境综合执法涉及的内容较为全面,执法方式涵盖面广,但是存在法律法规不健全、生态保护执法不足、全过程执法欠缺、执法方式较为单调等问题。后续需要完善相关法律条目,增加生态保护领域的执法,加强全过程管控阶段的执法,丰富除罚款外的执法方式。     

考虑熟悉度与恐慌效应的人群引导疏散仿真算法研究*

为研究紧急情况下人群疏散行为特点,结合势场理论和多出口选择模型,建立考虑引导、熟悉度和恐慌效应的PFT-LMES人群疏散算法。通过搭建有障碍和无障碍2种室内场景,研究不同环境熟悉度以及行人密度下引导作用对人群疏散效果的影响。研究结果表明:引导作用能够提高疏散效率,平衡各出口利用率,引导效果随行人密度增加更加显著;总体疏散时间随引导强度的提高表现为先减小后增大;当接受引导的人数占总数的42%时,2出口各自选择人数与出口通行能力比例基本一致,引导效果达到最优;相对于环境熟悉度较高的人群,不熟悉环境行人的引导效果更为显著。研究结果可为大型场所的紧急高效疏散提供参考。     

中美环境污染事故应急预案编制指南比较研究

重点选取中国和美国典型的应急预案编制指南为依据,根据基本情况调查、事故现场调查、应急响应、应急培训和演习等视角分析二者的相似之处,从编制详细程度、私人组织响应、家庭通信系统、信息公开等方面识别出中国相关应急预案编制指南中存在的主要问题。借鉴美国应急预案编制指南中适合于中国国情的经验,建议应急预案编制指南要详细具体,重视疏散路线和安置场所,将私人响应组织列入预案编制指南相关内容中,同时加强信息对社会和媒体的公开。     

Time‐based differences in the effects of positive and negative affectivity on perceived supervisor support and organizational commitment among newcomers

Building on the broaden‐and‐build theory and research on the negativity bias, this study examines how trait affectivity, as a stable predisposition predicting the pattern of emotional responding, shapes newcomers' perceptions of supervisor support and experience of organizational commitment. Using latent growth modeling and data collected at four points in time from newcomers (N = 158), we found the initial level of perceived supervisor support to mediate a negative relationship between negative affectivity and the level of commitment. Moreover, although newcomers experienced a general decrease in perceived supervisor support and a related decrease in commitment, those with high positive affectivity experienced a weaker decrease in perceived supervisor support, which led to a weaker decrease in commitment. Incidentally, positive affectivity was also positively related to the initial level of commitment. Two post hoc studies indicated that positive and negative affectivity exerted their effects controlling for state affect and replicated the relationship between change in perceived support and commitment. We discuss how these findings inform our understanding of trait affectivity's influence on newcomers' work attitudes.     

Laboratory-scale study of the suppression of PCDD/F emission during coal and MSW co-incineration

The experimental test of co-incinerating Chinese raw municipal solid waste （MSW） and coal in a laboratory-scale tubular reactor was first reported in present study, and the emission of normal gas components and the effects of the S/Cl molar ratio or coal mixing percentages on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans （PCDDs/Fs） emission were investigated and discussed. The results indicated that OCDD was the only PCDD homologues since others like TCDD-HpCDD was hardly detected, while as the categories of PCDF homologues were comparatively much more general. The amount of PCDD was much larger than that of PCDF in all operating conditions. Since ZPCDF/∑PCDD〈〈1, the dominant role of the precursor formation was proven in our experimental conductions. With increasing the coal addition to MSW （from 0 to 16%）, PCDD and PCDF were reduced considerably. Coal and MSW may suppress the PCDD/F emissions efficiently （over 95%） during the MSW incineration process. The PCDD/F suppression results of the present study could be helpful guidance to the industrial application of Chinese MSW and auxiliary coal co-incineration processes. The PCDD/F stack emission data of two industrial incinerators using co-incineration technology in China seem to have a great positive reduction of PCDDs/Fs.     

细化HSE一体化管理 建立多层次安全监控网络体系

介绍了在胜利油田油气集输公司实施的安全监控网络体系,阐述了安全监控网络法与实施HSE管理体系的关系,从方法内涵、方法建立和运作、方法产生的安全效果几个方面进行了全面论述.     

城市空气质量监测网络评估方法

通过研究借鉴多个国家/城市的研究实践,提出了城市空气治理监测网络（UAAMNA）评估管理的方法,包括评估思路与流程,评估关键指标,针对不同污染物的评估方法等.以沈阳市及周边6个城市共46个国控监测站点的监测网络为背景,基于2013~2018年日尺度空气质量数据,考虑监测成本,对沈阳市PM_2.5监测网络进行评估,结果表明,沈河区增加1个最高浓度站点,大东区增加1个高人口密度区站点,皇姑区增加1个跨界传输点;在沈阳-铁岭,沈阳-本溪,沈阳-辽阳方向增设跨区域站点.未来建立空气质量监测网络定期评估制度、加强跨区域边界站点布设、实施区分监测点位类型评估、区分污染物类型评估是UAAMN的发展方向.     

构建农村环境保护长效机制探讨

构建长效机制保护农村环境,是一项庞大而复杂的系统工程,强有力的推进措施是实施这一工程的重要保证。结合农村环境实际状况及环保工作实践,提出推进措施的关键是宣传到位形成共识,问责到住形成合力,投入到位形成平台。并进一步提出宣传的重点是要持续提升农村居民的环保意识,持续凝结农村各界的环保行动共识;问责的重点是要加强政府规划引领,分解落实可考核责任;投入的重点是要多渠道增加经费供给,克服农村环保资金瓶颈;提高科技支撑力度,以科技促环保：     

某炮弹地面制导装备维修器材平战一体化保障研究

目的初步探讨某炮弹地面制导装备维修器材的平战一体化保障。方法结合平、战时维修器材消耗规律、修理任务分工、保障形式、保障要求等方面的差异,对维修器材平、战时的储备、保障等环节进行分析。结果建立了平战结合的维修器材标准,平战结合的维修器材储备模式和平战结合的维修器材保障手段。结论为建立灵活、高效的维修器材保障机制奠定了基础。     

发展旅游循环经济的政策引导体系初探

在分析旅游循环经济的内涵、作用、意义及实施的必要性的基础上,从政府、旅游企业和社会三大循环经济实施主体出发。结合涉及到的法律法规,经济、科技、教育、环境、消费等多方面政策,探索了适合我国旅游循环经济发展的政策引导体系。