Evaluation of Operational National Weather Service Gridded Flash Flood Guidance over the Arkansas Red River Basin

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service (NWS) flash flood warnings are issued by Weather Forecast Offices and are underpinned by information from the Flash Flood Guidance (FFG) system operated by the River Forecast Centers (RFCs). This study focuses on the quantitative evaluation and limitations of the FFG system using reported flash flood cases in 2010 and 2011. The flash flood reports were obtained from the NWS Storm Event database for the Arkansas‐Red Basin RFC (ABRFC). The current FFG system at the ABRFC provides gridded flash flood guidance (GFFG) system using the NWS Hydrology Laboratory‐Research Distributed Hydrologic Model to translate the upper zone soil moisture to estimates of Soil Conservation Service Curve Numbers. Comparisons of the GFFG and real‐time Multisensor Precipitation Estimator‐derived Quantitative Precipitation Estimate for the same duration and location were used to analyze the success of the system. Typically, the six‐hour duration was characterized by higher probability of detection values than the three‐hour duration, which highlights the difficulty of hydrologic process estimation for shorter time scales. The current system does not take into account physical characteristics such as land use, including irrigated agricultural farm and urban areas, hence, overly dry soil moisture estimates over these areas can lower the success rate of the GFFG product.     

The effects of perceived organizational support,perceived supervisor support and perceived co-worker support on safety and health compliance

Although knowledge is cumulating, very little is known about the effects of various sources of support on safety and health compliance. This study goes beyond previous research by investigating the relationships among perceived support from organizations, supervisors and co-workers, and employees’ safety and health compliance behaviour at chemical and petroleum process plants. The results of this study show that the support from organizations, supervisors and co-workers was significantly related to employees’ safety and health compliance. Also, the findings reveal that perceived supervisor support has the strongest influence in ensuring employees’ safety and health compliance behaviour.     

Generic scenario for the impact of cooling lubricants into the hydrosphere

According to directive 93/67/EEC of the European Commission, this paper deals with the generic exposition evaluation of the environmental concentration of cooling Lubricant chemicals from the metal working industry into the hydrosphere. After considering the relevant life-cycle steps and the selection of a representative point source for the 'reasonable worst case', the emission per day Elocal(water) is determined. It leads to the predicted environmental concentration (PEClocal(water)) for the local stage in the compartment water. In order to gain the PEClocal(water) for an example--a corrosion inhibitor as additive in a cooling lubricant--, the relevant emission paths and the corresponding representative point source are described for the reasonable worst case. For non-water-miscible cooling lubricants, none of the operations in the life cycle leads to a release into the compartment water. To evaluate the hazard potential for cooling lubricant chemicals, the complete risk assessment has to be done. Also, the assessment has to be done for all high production volume chemicals, new substances and existing hazard chemicals. This means that even industrial categories like chemicals used in the textile industry or biocides and others have to be evaluated.     

会计学原理课程的教学引导

大学阶段是学生从学生时代走向社会的过渡阶段,是学生积蓄能力,充实自我的阶段.专业课教师的博学善诱将有助于学生挖掘自身优势规划自己的学习目标,变被动接受的学习方式为主动探求的学习方式,培养学习能力,激发学生学习兴趣,进行职业规划,使大学生活更加丰富更加充实.     

论行政指导在我国环境保护领域的应用

国际化、科技化和伦理化是环境保护立法出现的新趋势,它客观上要求传统的环境保护手段行政强制和经济刺激作出相应的改变.行政指导是二战以后出现的新型的行政管理模式,它注重建立行政主体与行政相对人之间的沟通机制,鼓励行政相对人积极主动地参与社会事务,从而以其独特的人文精神在一定程度上弥补了行政强制和经济刺激手段在环境保护领域的不足.     

股份制企业安全管理初探

结合劳动保护经济学理论和安全系统工程理论,论述了股份制企业中实行目标管理,用宏观指标控制与具体指导相结合,量化考核,使安全管理工作有机地融于新机制的整体管理之中,为新机制的正常运转起到保驾护航的作用。     

Combined reticular blind drainage and vertical hierarchical drainage system for landfills located in areas with high rainfall and high groundwater level

A novel water control technology that combines the features of a reticular blind drainage system and a vertical hierarchical drainage system is developed and applied in the Yanziyan Sanitary Landfill, which is located at an area (Loudi City, Hunan Province, China) with high rainfall and high groundwater level. The reticular blind drain system, which was installed on the bottom and side walls of the landfill site, can conveniently guide the flow of groundwater out of the site while preventing a disorganized flow of groundwater. The vertical hierarchical drainage system was installed to separate rainfall water and leachate in the landfill site, thus efficiently reducing the pressure of leachate treatment. The whole drainage system plays a key role in foundation stabilization by seepage control and separation and in the instant drainage of rainfall water. The leachate reduction efficiency of the drainage technology was calculated in terms of leachate production before (336519 m³) and after (29664 m³) technology application. Over 90% of leachate derived from rainfall water and groundwater inflow was avoided upon installation of the vertical hierarchical drainage and reticular blind drainage systems. The technology can thus be popularized and applied for water control in landfills located in areas with high rainfall and high groundwater level. The proposed technology can be used to alleviate the pressure of leachate treatment and to reduce the risk of instability.     

公共场所人员应急疏散引导研究

在公共场所应急疏散的过程中,应急疏散人员往往需要更多地依靠自身经验,而非传统的完全理性决策。为解决这一问题,提出一种具有引导者的多主体系统人员应急疏散交互模型,对模型中的Agent进行分类,建立单独Agent、结伴Agent和引导者Agent三类群体Agent,对疏散人员在引导者的指挥和控制作用下进行模拟。仿真结果表明在应急管理中设置引导者,可以在疏散初始阶段引领疏散人员快速明确疏散目标,减少迂回现象;疏散过程中合理疏导人群利用疏散出口,避免某一出口过度拥堵;引导者在疏散过程中进行密度控制,可以使整个疏散过程更合理有序,整体提高疏散效率。     

生化恐怖袭击情境下引导疏散中行人行为仿真研究

恐怖袭击事件发生在人员密集、环境复杂的公共场所时,极易造成大量的人员伤 亡。为了研究行人行为特征对应急引导过程的影响,采集疏散行人行为特征数据以SPSS 统计软件分析,并将分析结果导入基于社会力原理建立的疏散模型进行仿真实验。研究 结果表明:行人的性别、受教育程度及疏散经验个体特征的差异对引导疏散的结果具有 直接的影响,关系到引导疏散过程的成功与否。应急管理方案制定中,应针对性的为各 类行人指定安全预案以及提供培训演练。     

大型石化项目HSE作业指导书的应用

运用HSE管理理念,研究石化项目建设过程中HSE的有效管理模式,通过实例介绍了HSE作业指导书的具体应用。