Effects of support acidity on the reaction mechanisms of selective catalytic reduction of NO by CH4 in excess oxygen

The reaction mechanisms of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitric oxide (NO) by methane (CH₄) over solid superacid-based catalysts were proposed and testified by DRIFTS studies on transient reaction as well as by kinetic models. Catalysts derived from different supports would lead to different reaction pathways, and the acidity of solid superacid played an important role in determining the reaction mechanisms and the catalytic activities. Higher ratios of Br?nsted acid sites to Lewis acid sites would lead to stronger oxidation of methane and then could facilitate the step of methane activation. Strong Br?nsted acid sites would not necessarily lead to better catalytic performance, however, since the active surface NO_y species and the corresponding reaction routes were determined by the overall acidity strength of the support. The reaction routes where NO₂ moiety was engaged as an important intermediate involved moderate oxidation of methane, the rate of which could determine the overall activity. The reaction involving NO moiety was likely to be determined by the step of reduction of NO. Therefore, to enhance the SCR activity of solid superacid catalysts, reactions between appropriate couples of active NO_y species and activated hydrocarbon intermediates should be realized by modification of the support acidity.     

中国水环境压力与水污染防治能力的区域差异

根据2005年中国31个省、市的水污染物处理情况、水资源和人均地区生产总值的统计数据,分析区域间的差异。结果表明:目前中国区域水环境压力和水污染防治能力与经济水平都呈现显著空间线性正相关,而水环境压力与水污染防治能力的空间线性相关性不显著,根据不同区域水环境压力和水污染防治能力的关系,按照加强水污染防治能力的紧迫程度,从大到小分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ四级区域,分别对不同区域进行了现状分析和对策建议。     

机场停机坪作业风险管理研究

停机坪作业具有范围小,保障单位和人员众多等特点,是航空地面事故的多发环节.对停机坪作业存在风险从作业人员、设备和设施、环境、管理等4方面进行识别,然后用AHP定性和定量结合的方法对各风险因素发生的可能性和严重性进行分析,得出各因素风险值,并根据评估结果提出风险控制措施:1)为作业提供良好的人工条件,如良好灯光照明、整齐设备摆放、清晰标识等;2)引进部分设备设施和采用运筹方式合理安排其运行的方式,来解决设备设施数量不能满足需求的问题;3)对于人员执照管理采取定期检查、抽查,定期复训等方式.     

数据挖掘在应急救援决策支持中的应用研究

本文分析了数据挖掘技术在应急预测与报警、动态安全风险分析、事故动态演化过程分析和应急综合评价中的选择标准,并以火电厂锅炉过热器为例,阐述了数据挖掘技术在应急救援业务中的具体应用,以及基于数据挖掘的应急救援与辅助决策支持系统的功能和体系结构.     

改性壳聚糖吸附剂的合成及对镉离子的吸附性能

通过丁二酸酐、可分散的纳米二氧化硅(简称DNS)和壳聚糖经过系列反应得到改性壳聚糖。通过FTIR光谱、热重分析和SEM研究了改性壳聚糖的性能。FTIR表明壳聚糖与DNS通过丁二酸酐桥连为一个高分子聚合物;扫描电镜分析结果显示,改性壳聚糖呈现近似球状,形成了一些孔和缝隙分布于微粒的表面及内部;热重分析结果表明,改性壳聚糖的热性能有较大提高。研究了改性壳聚糖微粒吸附Cd2+时pH值、时间、用量对吸附的影响,结果表明其吸附最佳条件为:pH=5,吸附时间为2 h,吸附剂的投加量为0.1 g。改性壳聚糖具有较强的吸附Cd2+的能力,其吸附量最高可达3.789 8 mmol/g,吸附率最高可达79.12%。     

Characterization of the e ective cellulose degrading strain CTL-6

An e cient cellulose degrading bacteria exists in the thermophilic wheat straw-degrading community, WDC2. However, this strain cannot be isolated and cultured using conventional separation techniques under strict anaerobic conditions. We successfully isolated a strain of e ective cellulose degrading bacteria CTL-6 using a wash, heat shock, and solid-liquid alternating process. Analysis of its properties revealed that, although the community containing the strain CTL-6 grew under aerobic conditions, the purified strain CTL-6 only grew under anaerobic culture conditions. The strain CTL-6 had a striking capability of degrading cellulose (80.9% weight loss after 9 days of culture). The highest e ciency value of the endocellulase (CMCase activity) was 0.404 mol/(min mL), cellulose degradation e ciency by CTL-6 was remarkably high at 50–65°C with the highest degradation e ciency observed at 60°C. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the closest relative to strain CTL-6 belonged to the genus Clostridium thermocellum. Strain CTL-6 was capable of utilizing cellulose, cellobiose, and glucose. Strain CTL-6 also grew with Sorbitol as the sole carbon source, whereas C. thermocellum is unable to do so.     

塔河县环境监测能力建设的必要性和可行性分析

文章从塔河县环境监测站现状出发,分析了塔河县环境监测能力建设的必要性和可行性,最后提出了塔河县环境监测站建设标准.     

中国土地利用碳排放变化及协调分区

土地利用变化所产生的碳排放已成为地区碳排放的主要来源之一,为了探究其变化以全国30个省市为研究对象,基于2001～2019年MODIS的MCD12Q-LUCC数据,通过碳排放系数法,聚类与异常值分析法,从碳排放经济贡献系数、碳生态承载系数及二者的耦合协调关系等角度探讨了近19年间全国各省土地利用碳排放的空间特征并进行了分区研究.结果表明：(1) 2000～2019年全国土地利用碳排放量增长显著,但在2011年后碳排放量增长率变得平缓,而碳汇量的增长则相对缓慢,二者间的差距仍较大.(2)聚类与异常值分析显示研究期内全国各省市土地利用碳排放高值集聚中心由广东、江苏等省份转移到河北、山西、内蒙古等省份且集聚状态越来越明显.(3)全国各省市碳排放经济贡献系数呈现南高北低的空间特征,生态承载系数则呈现出由西高东低逐渐发展为中高东低,北部次之的特征,两者的耦合协调度呈现出下降的趋势.(4)本文基于碳排放经济贡献和碳生态承载,将各省划分为低碳保持区、经济发展区、碳汇发展区和综合优化区这4类,并提出各自的发展建议,争取实现碳中和与低碳可持续发展.     

基于关联向量机回归的水质预测模型

提出了一种基于关联向量机回归的水质时间序列预测模型,并以该模型对氢离子浓度指数(p H值)、溶解氧(DO)、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)和氨氮(NH3-N)4种重要水质指标进行预测.首先采用国家环保部发布的四川攀枝花龙洞水质自动监测数据进行实验,对该模型的有效性进行了验证;然后将关联向量机回归预测模型与支持向量机回归预测模型进行比较.为了比较不同核函数的预测效果,实验中预测模型的核函数分别采用了线性函数和高斯函数.实验结果表明,关联向量机回归模型的预测效果不亚于支持向量机回归模型;且在给出预测值时,还能同时给出预测结果的可信程度.     

A multi-level characterization method for the assessment of urban ecological risks

Urban ecological risk characterization is the final step in risk assessment and an important foundation upon which risk managers build risk aversion, risk control, and emergency handling strategies. In this study, we reviewed present risk characterization methods and proposed a multi-level characterization method for the assessment of urban ecological risks. The new characterization method consists of four elements: urban ecological risk sources, risk source probabilities, assessment endpoint indicators, and assessment endpoint indicator probabilities. Using this method, results of risk assessments can be organized into different levels of detail to meet different risk management goals.