Administrative license suspension: Does length of suspension matter?

Objective: Administrative license revocation (ALR) laws, which provide that the license of a driver with a blood alcohol concentration at or over the illegal limit is subject to an immediate suspension by the state department of motor vehicles, are an example of a traffic law in which the sanction rapidly follows the offense. The power of ALR laws has been attributed to how swiftly the sanction is applied, but does the length of suspension matter? Our objectives were to (a) determine the relationship of the ALR suspension length to the prevalence of drinking drivers relative to sober drivers in fatal crashes and (b) estimate the extent to which the relationship is associated to the general deterrent effect compared to the specific deterrent effect of the law.

Methods: Data comparing the impact of ALR law implementation and ALR law suspension periods were analyzed using structural equation modeling techniques on the ratio of drinking drivers to nondrinking drivers in fatal crashes from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS).

Results: States with an ALR law with a short suspension period (1–30 days) had a significantly lower drinking driver ratio than states with no ALR law. States with a suspension period of 91–180 days had significantly lower ratios than states with shorter suspension periods, while the three states with suspension lengths of 181 days or longer had significantly lower ratios than states with shorter suspension periods.

Discussion: The implementation of any ALR law was associated with a 13.1% decrease in the drinking/nondrinking driver fatal crash ratio but only a 1.8% decrease in the intoxicated/nonintoxicated fatal crash ratio. The ALR laws and suspension lengths had a significant general deterrent effect, but no specific deterrent effect.

Practical Implications: States might want to keep (or adopt) ALR laws for their general deterrent effects and pursue alternatives for specific deterrent effects. States with short ALR suspension periods should consider lengthening them to 91 days or longer.     

基于CEEMDAN-SOBI对桥梁监测挠度的分离研究

为实现桥梁挠度监测信号各种效应值的分离,提出1种基于自适应噪声的完备集合经验模态分解（Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise,CEEMDAN）结合二阶盲源辨识（Second Order Blind Identification,SOBI）的单通道盲源分离算法。首先利用自适应噪声的完备集合经验模态分解将单通道的桥梁挠度信号分解为一系列线性平稳的本征模函数,计算各子序列的排列熵（Permutation Entropy,PE）并将排列熵值相近的序列相加组成新的序列;然后采用K-L散度的判别法剔除虚假的分量,将真实的分量组成盲源分离模型的输入信号;最后采用二阶盲源辨识对输入信号进行盲源分离,得到桥梁监测挠度的各效应值。结果表明:该方法能有效分离挠度监测信号中的各种效应值。     

新旧桥梁承载能力评定对比研究

基于36座新建桥梁及26座既有旧桥静、动载试验,将其在荷载作用下挠度、应变及振动频率的现场实际值与有限元计算理论值进行对比分析,获取了新旧桥梁的挠度、应变及频率的检验系数,并在此基础上获取了新旧桥梁的承载能力对比情况。结果表明,既有旧桥承载能力下降明显。这将为类似桥梁检测及承载能力评估提供参考。     

基于无线局域网(WLAN)的油田安全监控系统研究

针对油田监控对象具有点多、面广、跨区域的特点,指出对油田进行无线监控的必要性,并对6种常见的无线通信手段的特点进行比较;根据油田安全监控的业务需求,提出基于WLAN技术的油田安全监控系统硬件结构和软件功能设计方案;并结合工程实施案例介绍系统中无线设备的选型、安装和防雷接地等方面的工程问题。该研究成果实现油田的安全监控预警,减少或避免事故发生的可能性,有利于提高油田安全管理的科学性,具有实用推广价值。     

Polymer and invert emulsifying oil effects upon droplet size spectra of sprays

Abstract

A series of wind tunnel atomization studies were carried out to investigate the effects of polymer and invert suspension oil “drift control adjuvants” upon the droplet size distribution spectra produced by nozzles typically used in aerial and ground based spraying of pesticides. A D8–46 disc and core was used as a typical aerial application nozzle, and an 8003 fan nozzle was used for the ground based sprayers simulation. The droplet size spectra were evaluated in a wind tunnel using a Malvern 2600 laser particle size analyzer immediately upon mixing and at 15 minutes after re‐circulation through a pumping system. The addition of the polymer‐based adjuvants significantly increased the droplet size spectra parameters of the spray cloud, but all the polymer products showed signs of breakdown of their molecular arrangements in the liquid medium, as a result of agitation. The invert suspension oil adjuvant did not change the droplet size spectra markedly, nor did it show signs of breakdown of the internal liquid structure after re‐circulation.     

光纤Bragg光栅传感器实现斜拉桥索力实时监测的研究

民用工程结构的健康监测 ,日益引起人们的重视 ,光纤传感技术 ,尤其是光纤光栅传感技术 ,因其易构成高性能、低成本的传感器阵列 ,并在结构监测应用工程中 ,具有巨大的潜力。笔者介绍一种斜拉桥索力实时监测的新方法即光纤光栅法。将光纤光栅刚性粘贴于传感头外表面上 ,使传感头承受拉索的索力 ,通过对光纤光栅波长移动量 (Δλb)的解调 ,以测出索力的大小。通过实验结果与理论分析证明 ,该测试系统具有结构简单、测量范围大、稳定性和线性度好等特点 ,该监测系统既可用于斜拉桥施工阶段的索力测定 ,也可以用于在役斜拉桥结构的长期安全监测。     

阳极溶出伏安法测定ppb级Cu,pb,Cd的实验条件的选择

本文介绍了在环境监测中，经试验研究，确定的用阳极溶出伏安法，连续分析环境样品中重金属Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｃｄ的最佳条件，即用悬汞电极做工作电极，用０．１Ｍ离氯酸做支持电解质，纯氮除氧。当ＰＨ值取２－７，富集电位数－１．１～－１．２Ｖ时，不但可连续测定一定浓度范围的重金属Ｃｄ，Ｐｂ，ＣＵ；而且方法灵敏度高，精密良好，线性相关关系可达０．９９９０，回收率达８５－１１５％，获得了良好的分析效果。     

桥梁安全耐久性与病害事故分析

论述了桥梁安全耐久性的重要性和严峻形势 ;结合国内外多座桥梁的病害倒塌事故典型案例 ,进行了病害事故原因分析 ;归纳和总结了桥梁病害事故的经验教训 ;提出预防的主要对策和方法 ;理论与实践都强调了桥梁寿命周期设计施工和养护管理的重要性。     

梁桥钢筋混凝土叠合桥墩延性抗震性能研究

在桥墩抗震设计应用了叠合结构思想 ,分析了叠合桥墩受力原理与特性 ,在此基础上研究了叠合桥墩的延性计算方法。结合梁式桥算例 ,分别沿桥梁纵向、横向和三维输入实震记录进行计算 ,与普通桥墩计算进行对比 ,说明了叠合桥墩延性抗震性能的优越性 ,对其在桥墩上的应用作了初步研究     

造纸黑液制备球形阳离子木质素吸附树脂

以造纸黑液中的碱木质素为原料,采用两步法制备球形阳离子木质素吸附树脂,并用扫描电镜和傅立叶变换红外光谱仪对其进行表征.第1步以造纸黑液中的碱木质素为原料,利用反相悬浮法制备球形木质素珠体,通过正交实验得出以占木质素质量1.5%的环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,吐温80为分散剂(含量为木质素质量的3%),煤油为分散相,O/W相比为3∶1,反应温度为90℃,搅拌速度为200r/min,反应时间1h为球形木质素珠体制备的最佳条件.第2步利用丙烯酰胺对球形木质素珠体接枝,得出以H₂O₂/Fe²⁺为引发剂,丙烯酰胺浓度为0.72mol/L,室温反应2h为接枝的适宜条件,在此条件下可得到离子交换容量为1.6405mmol/g的阳离子木质素吸附树脂.