大庆油田分布式防震减灾信息和辅助决策系统——系统框架研究

简要论述了国内外防震减灾信息和辅助决策系统的发展状况。以大庆油田防震减灾信息和辅助决策系统为基础，详细探讨了分布式防震减灾系统的框架研究，包括ArcIMS的应用、系统框架的二次开发、数据库的远程连接和调用和系统框架的集成等。同时阐述了分布式网络GIS已经成为防震减灾信息和辅助决策系统建设的一个重要发展方向和它的应用价值。     

A NONLINEAR PROGRAMMING ALGORITHM FOR REAL-TIME HOURLY RESERVOIR OPERATIONS1

ABSTRACT: The optimization of real-time operations for a single reservoir system is studied. The objective is to maximize the sum of hourly power generation over a period of one day subject to constraints of hourly power schedules, daily flow requirement for water supply and other purposes, and the limitations of the facilities. The problem has a nonlinear concave objective function with nonlinear concave and linear constraints. Nonlinear Duality Theorems and Lagrangian Procedures are applied to solve the problem where the minimization of the Lagrangian is carried out by a modified gradient projection technique along with an optimal stepsize determination routine. The dimension of the problem in terms of the number of variables and constraints is reduced by eliminating the 24 continuity equations with a special implicit routine. A numerical example is presented using data provided by the Bureau of Reclamation, Sacramento, California.     

青藏铁路决策的战略环境影响识别

本文在对青藏铁路决策进行分析的基础上,论述了对青藏铁路决策进行战略环境影响识别的必要性,探讨了青藏铁路施工期和运营期的环境影响,并提出了减缓环境影响的措施。     

非农就业对南方集体林区不同规模林农营林轮伐期的影响

在中国农村劳动力非农就业不断加速的背景下,探讨非农就业对集体林区不同规模林农营林轮伐期的影响机制,有助于明确不同规模经营主体今后的用材林营林目标和林业在山区未来的经营发展模式,同时为林业规模化经营的合理性提供客观依据。基于劳动力转移新经济学理论,通过对浙江、江西和福建三省450户林农的调查,收集杉木营林的地块投入产出数据,在此基础上,运用Faustmann模型计算规模户与普通户的理论最优轮伐期,运用计量模型分析非农就业对集体林区不同规模林农采伐轮伐期的影响机制。研究结果发现,普通户和规模户的理论最优轮伐期趋同;非农就业的劳动力流失效应造成普通户营林的预期主伐时间显著短于理论最优轮伐期,而规模户非农就业带来的收入效应造成其采伐决策接近于理论最优轮伐期。在农村非农就业不断增加背景下,南方集体林区规模化经营的方式有利于接近最优采伐决策,更适合于培育大径材,增加林业生态和经济效益。     

Sustainable urban community development from the grassroots: Challenges and opportunities in a pedestrian street initiative

Abstract

A local sustainable development initiative to establish a temporary pedestrian zone within a Canadian urban community served as a research study into the efficacy of social capital in the development of a network for community action. This community-based initiative used social capital to overcome campaign obstacles and the campaign itself generated new social capital within the neighbourhood through the creation of adaptive networks of participants. The campaign succeeded in creating a part-time pedestrian-only space that serves as an educational example of change for sustainable community development that is replicable in other communities, and provides an example of alternative occupation of community space. Contrary to other literature, little evidence of “core burnout” was found although the network does continue to expend a large amount of effort and time on fundraising. While social capital is a powerful tool for local grassroots action, the availability of a critical source of economic capital may prove vital to the long-term success and sustainability of the network.     

Inspiring Futures for European Local Governments!

Since 1994, more than 2000 European local governments have adopted the principles of the Aalborg Charter as a basis for local sustainability action. Now, ten years later in June 2004, these local governments will gather once again in Aalborg, Denmark at the Fourth European Conference on Sustainable Cities and Towns in Europe, Inspiring Futures—Aalborg+10. The Aalborg+10 event will celebrate a decade of European local sustainability action, evaluate progress and stagnation, and, more importantly, will adopt new commitments to move from Agenda to Action. The conference will be crucial for accelerating local sustainability in Europe and to move towards Local Action. Here an overview is provided on the context against which this important conference is set and its expected outcomes.     

基于多层次模型的农户土地利用决策影响因素分析——以陕西省米脂县高西沟村为例

土地利用变化驱动力研究一直是学者们关注的热点问题之一,土地利用驱动力在不同尺度的变化也越来越受学者们关注。论文以陕西省米脂县高西沟村为研究区域,在地形图、航片解译数据及2009年实际测量数据和农户调查数据的基础上,基于多层次模型的理论,借助HLM6.07(student)软件工具,构建从地块(微观尺度)到农户(中观尺度)的二层土地利用决策影响因素模型,试图揭示微观层面土地利用决策的影响因素在不同尺度上的变化机制。研究结果表明:①农户选择种植土豆、谷子作物的土地利用决策与地块的自然因素和农户的社会经济因素有关;②农户种植土豆、谷子行为决策的影响因素存在差异;③将多层次模型应用到从微观尺度到中观尺度分析农户土地利用决策影响因素是符合实际情况的,这为进一步构建影响农户土地利用决策的因素——微观尺度(地块)、中观尺度(农户)、宏观尺度(村庄)的三层模型奠定了基础,同时为研究土地利用决策机制提供了一种方法。     

决策环境风险评价的研究进展

对环境风险评价的基本概念、发展历程以及主要的技术路线和方法作了总结,介绍了决策环境风险评价的概念和应用,指出当前决策环境风险评价研究中存在的主要问题。     

高质量发展背景下的城湖共生关系识别与评价——以长三角合肥—巢湖为例

随着经济社会快速发展,城湖关系出现复杂而多元的变化,给区域可持续发展带来潜在挑战。从优化城市发展与湖泊保护的关系视角出发,在开展城湖共生理论分析的基础上,以长三角地区的合肥—巢湖为研究对象,构建城湖共生评价指标体系,引入Lotka-Volterra模型识别合肥—巢湖的城湖共生模式,采用共生协调度模型测度合肥—巢湖的城湖共生水平。主要结论如下：（1）研究期内城市子系统呈稳定上升趋势,各项指标由差异较大逐渐向均衡发展转变,但科技创新水平有待提升,下一步要加强转型升级和绿色创新。（2）研究期内湖泊子系统呈波动上升趋势,且2014年后趋势放缓;水生态环境相比水污染防治和水资源安全提升明显,但三者近年来增速都放缓,近期要强化巢湖系统保护与综合治理。（3）合肥与巢湖已进入城湖互利共生早期阶段,但共生协调度水平较低,需加强城湖联动、城湖互融,实现合肥与巢湖的高水平共生。合肥—巢湖的城湖关系研究为长三角地区其他城湖系统的共生关系识别以及高质量发展提供了参考和借鉴。