浅论新疆开发区的管理状况及其保护对策

文章主要对新疆各类开发区目前的环境管理状况及存在的问题作了分析,提出推动开发区区域环境规划或加强环境影响评价的对策.明确开发区环境保护的总体要求,合理规划开发区内外的总体布局,加强开发区的环境监督管理,建立跟踪监测制度,采取有效手段推进环保设施建设.控制开发区污染物总量的排放和加强开发区的生态环境建设,落实事故风险防范和应急措施,从而更有效地为开发区的企业提供服务.     

城市可持续发展的综合评价

本文从可持续发展概念出发，建立了城市的发展持续度、发展协调度和发展水平综合评价的指标体系，应用模糊综合评价法和层次分析法，对乌鲁木齐市、新疆、全国城市可持续发展进行了定量评价，并确定了可持续发展目标伍，为城市可持续发展评价理论研究提供了科学依据。     

贵州省能源资源评价

本文通过对能源资源的综合分析评价，揭示了贵州省能源资源的基本特点和开发利用的有利条件，并分别探讨了煤炭和水能资源的开发利用问题。     

四川盆地农业自然环境质量综合评价研究

本文用一种综合定量的方法,评价了四川盆地130个县的农业自然环境质量,获得了比传统的定性描述更直观、确切的结果。分析显示,四川盆地农业自然环境的自然潜力质量、生态质量和综合质量均属“一般”质量等级,并非通常所言“农业自然条件优越”:生态质量和自然潜力质量因盆地地形引起的各种质量因子的变化,有明显的区域差别。文中各种参评因子的量化及评价模型,可为农业自然环境质量评价研究提供参考。     

自然保护区价值评判方法

本文以典型性或代表性、稀有性、脆弱性、多样性、面积大小、天然性、感染力、环境和资源保护价值、科学价值、文化价值等为自然保护区价值的评判指标,运用模糊数学理论,初步建立了由单指标评判和多系统-多指标综合评判二级构成的自然保护区价值评判体系。这两级评判结果均能应用于自然保护区的分类、等级的确定之中,对优化我国自然保护区的布局、加强自然保护区建设和管理都具有重要意义。     

APPLICATION OF THE GREEN-AMPT INFILTRATION EQUATION TO WATERSHED MODELING1

ABSTRACT: A computer model was developed, based on the Green-Ampt infiltration equation, to computed rainfall excess for a single precipitation event. The model requires an estimate of parameters related to hydraulic conductivity, wetting front section, and fillable porosity of the soil layers. Values of parameters were estimated from soil textural averages or regression equations based on percent sand, percent clay, and porosity. Average values of effective porosity and wetting front suction were largely acceptable due to the relatively low variability and low model sensitivity to the parameters. Hydraulic conductivity was the most erratic constituent of the loss rate computation due to the high variability and the high sensitivity of the computed infiltration to the parameter. The performance of the Green-Ampt infiltration model was tested through a comparison with the SCS curve number procedure. Seven watersheds and 23 storms with precipitation of one inch or greater were used in the comparison. For storms with less than one inch of rainfall excess, the SCS curve number procedure generally gave the best results; however, for six of the seven storms with precipitation excess greater than one inch, the Green-Ampt procedure delivered better results. In this comparison, both procedures used the same initial abstractions. The separation of rainfall losses into infiltration, interception, and surface retention is, in theory, an accurate method of estimating precipitation excess. In the second phase of the study using nine watersheds and 39 storms, interception and surface retention losses were computed by the Horton equations. Green-Ampt and interception parameters were estimated from value sin the literature, while the surface retention parameter was calibrated so that the computed runoff volumes matched observed volumes. A relationship was found between the surface retention storage capacity and the 15-day antecedent precipitation index, month of year, and precipitation amount.     

MULTICRITERIA EVALUATION IN A POLICY ANALYSIS OF A RHINE ESTUARY1

ABSTRACT: As part of a major project to provide the Rhine delta protection from North Sea floods, the Dutch installed sluices at Haringvliet in the late 1960s and converted the Haringvliet-Hollandsch Diep-Biesbosch (HHB) estuary into a tidally-damped, fresh-water system. Two decades later, the Dutch Rijkswaterstaat commissioned a study of alternative policies for managing the sluices and removing contaminated bottom sediments, including policies which would at least partially restore estuarine conditions to the HHB. This paper describes the public policy analysis comprising that study, focusing on the role played by formal mullicriteria evaluation (MCE), including the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Through the tasks of value-tree structuring, impact measurement, and criterion prioritization, the MCE influenced the entire structure of the analysis, became an integral part of it, and, despite initial skepticism among the participants about the utility of multicriteria analysis, was subsequently accepted and viewed favorably by the majority of them.     

机械产品安全性评价的研究

产品的本质安全化,是改善劳动条件,提高全社会安全水平的重要保障。产品的安全性评价,是判断产品本质安全程度的主要依据。本文以机械产品为例,在调查研究和统计分析的基础上,运用统计权数理论和模糊综合评判方法,提出了机械产品安全性评价指标体系和量化方法。     

Integrating forage,wildlife, water,and fish projections with timber projections at the regional level: A case study in southern United States

The impact of timber management and land-use change on forage production, turkey and deer abundance, red-cockaded woodpecker colonies, water yield, and trout abundance was projected as part of a policy study focusing on the southern United States. The multiresource modeling framework used in this study linked extant timber management and land-area policy models with newly developed models for forage, wildlife, fish, and water. Resource production was integrated through a commonly defined land base that could be geographically partitioned according to individual resource needs. Resources were responsive to changes in land use, particularly human-related, and timber management, particularly the harvest of older stands, and the conversion to planted pine.     

贵州灰家堡金矿田土壤重金属元素环境地球化学评价

为了解灰家堡金矿田土壤重金属元素环境地球化学背景和现状，本文开展了土壤重金属（As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn）环境质量评价。结果显示，以《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准》中风险筛选值为标准，灰家堡金矿田大部分区域土壤As和Cu环境地球化学等级高（三级、四级和五级），其它重金属元素（Cd、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn）环境地球化学等级低（一级和二级）。高土壤Cu环境地球化学等级（三级）的区域与已知的构造、地层和深部隐伏Au矿体均无空间关系。土壤中Cu的来源主要受地层背景含量的控制。高土壤As环境地球化学等级（三级、四级和五级）的区域主要沿背斜轴和断裂呈带状分布，并与深部矿体相对应，但与已有矿山生产活动区无空间关系。灰家堡金矿田高As环境地球化学等级的土壤与Au的成矿作用有关。