机动车代用燃料的尾气污染分析

通过对机动车代用燃料的ＣＯ、ＮＯＸ、ＨＣ及烟度等排放情况的分析，指出代用燃料在减轻机动车尾气污染、保护城市环境方面一般有着较好的表现，认为大力发展代用燃料是提高城市大气环境质量的有效途径。     

废纸再生造纸废水处理工程应用

废纸再生造纸废水处理工艺在广东东莞东江造纸厂应用3个月,吨成品纸耗用废纸量下降20%,成纸裂断长增加20%～30%,成纸的环压强度提高20%～30%,纸机的有效生产时间和毛布的使用寿命提高。提供了既降低生产成本又提高生产力的有效途径。     

催化剂生产过程粉尘治理对策

粉尘已成为催化剂生产企业的主要职业病危害因素。通过点对点除尘,采用气力输送及新的密闭自动化工艺,现场无组织粉尘可控制在较好水平,8 h加权平均浓度均在1. 0 mg/m^3以下;通过采用旋风分离、袋式过滤、超重力湿法洗涤及云式除尘等技术,对催化剂生产过程尾气进行治理,可将粉尘浓度稳定降低至20 mg/m^3以下,实现达标排放。并提出应尽量设计连续流程,注重采用新设备、新工艺,从源头解决粉尘问题。     

炭黑尾气中可燃气态污染物的净化及回收利用

本文研究炭黑工业尾气中可燃气态污染物ＣＯ、Ｈ＿２及ＣＨ＿４等的净化及其余热的回收利用。其中主要研究炭黑尾气的主要来源、组成、发生量及特性，以及炭黑尾气的净化及回收利用。研究表明，直接燃烧法是我国目前炭黑尾气净化和回收利用的最佳方法。应用直接燃烧法，不仅可将炭黑尾气中可燃气态污染物销毁，使之变为无害的物质ＣＯ＿２和Ｈ＿２０，并可回收利用可燃气态污染物燃烧时放出的热量，可供炭黑工业余热利用率提高２０％。     

兰州市汽车尾气污染状况调查

通过对兰州市汽车尾气污染状况的调查与分析，认为兰州市街道空气污染较重，ＣＯ、ＮＯｘ、ＳＯ２、ＴＳＰ、Ｐｂ各项污染均超标，其污染程度与车流强度、时间、季节、路面宽度、风速及不同形式的交通路口相关。汽车尾气排放已成为兰州市空气污染的重要来源。     

Managing Birds and Controlling Aircraft in the Kennedy Airport–Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge Complex: The Need for Hard Data and Soft Opinions

During the 1980s, the exponential growth of laughing gull (Larus atricilla) colonies, from 15 to about 7600 nests in 1990, in the Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge and a correlated increase in the bird-strike rate at nearby John F. Kennedy International Airport (New York City) led to a controversy between wildlife and airport managers over the elimination of the colonies. In this paper, we review data to evaluate if: (1) the colonies have increased the level of risk to the flying public; (2) on-colony population control would reduce the presence of gulls, and subsequently bird strikes, at the airport; and (3) all on-airport management alternatives have been adequately implemented. Since 1979, most (2987, 87%) of the 3444 bird strikes (number of aircraft struck) were actually bird carcasses found near runways (cause of death unknown but assumed to be bird strikes by definition). Of the 457 pilot-reported strikes (mean = 23 ± 6 aircraft/yr, N= 20 years), 78 (17%) involved laughing gulls. Since a gull-shooting program was initiated on airport property in 1991, over 50,000 adult laughing gulls have been killed and the number of reported bird strikes involving laughing gulls has declined from 6.9 ± 2.9 (1983–1990) to 2.6 ± 1.3 (1991–1998) aircraft/yr; nongull reported bird strikes, however, have more than doubled (6.4 ± 2.6, 1983–1990; 14.9 ± 5.1, 1991–1998). We found no evidence to indicate that on-colony management would yield a reduction of bird strikes at Kennedy Airport. Dietary and mark–recapture studies suggest that 60%–90% of the laughing gulls collected on-airport were either failed breeders and/or nonbreeding birds. We argue that the Jamaica Bay laughing gull colonies, the only ones in New York State, should not be managed at least until all on-airport management alternatives have been properly implemented and demonstrated to be ineffective at reducing bird strikes, including habitat alterations and increasing the capability of the bird control unit to eliminate bird flocks on-airport using nonlethal bird dispersal techniques. Because the gull-shooting program may be resulting in a nonsustainable regional population of laughing gulls (>30% decline), we also recommend that attempts be made to initiate an experimental colony elsewhere on Long Island to determine if colony relocation is a feasible management option.     

基于蒙特卡洛方法的着陆擦机尾风险预测

为解决对航班和机队着陆时擦机尾风险客观预测问题，基于飞行QAR数据和蒙特卡洛模拟方法，建立擦机尾风险预测模型，将某航空公司Boeing737-800机队的380套QAR数据作为样本数据，运用MATLAB编程进行5 000次模拟抽样试验，得到不同机队着陆时俯仰角的分布和擦机尾风险预测曲线。研究结果表明:当着陆俯仰角大于4.5°时，机队2擦机尾风险较大；运用蒙特卡洛模拟预测的飞机着陆俯仰角更为稳定和准确。该模型可进一步软件化，为航空公司的擦机尾超限事件管理提供可靠性指标参考，实现对飞行员操作风险的动态管理。     

余热锅炉在绿色油田建设中的应用

余热锅炉的运用使得不同品级的能源可以得到充分合理的利用。中国石油塔里木油田公司在生产实践中,采用燃气发电机组—余热锅炉联合循环技术,用不能再发电的燃气尾气生产蒸汽,对天然气中蕴含的能量进行分级利用,实现了发电、供热双重效益,也降低了对周边环境的热污染。文章对该热电联合循环的工艺流程进行介绍,通过对燃气发电机组尾气的能量传递进行计算,用热力学原理进行分析,以期实现对使用余热锅炉后的热电联产经济性进行综合评价的目的。     

壳聚糖对小麦发芽及生根效应的研究

利用壳聚糖浸泡小麦种子,通过考察小麦的出芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、生根数量和根的长度等各项指标的变化,探讨壳聚糖对小麦发芽和生根生理效应的影响.结果表明,当pH值6.5、壳聚糖浓度为4-6mg/mL时能显著提高小麦种子活力,促进幼苗生长;当壳聚糖浓度低于8mg/mL时,小麦的出芽率、发芽指数、活力指数随壳聚糖处理浓度的增大而明显提高;当壳聚糖浓度为4mg/mL、浸泡时间为10h时,小麦种子生根效应最为明显.     

空气作用张开式尾翼设计及仿真

目的 适配发射过程无火药气体且弹丸不自旋的电磁发射技术,设计一种直接由空气作用的张开式尾翼。方法 该尾翼预制斜角,通过进气道气流在斜面上产生的压差,推动尾翼绕螺钉打开。采用动网格技术耦合流体控制方程、六自由度(6DOF)方程,对不同马赫数下尾翼张开过程进行仿真。结果 设计的空气作用张开式尾翼在流场作用下可以正常张开,来流流速为2、3、4马赫时,张开耗时分别为4.7、3.7、3.1 s。结论 该空气作用张开式尾翼方案设计有效。马赫数越高,张开过程耗时越短。迎风面积显著影响尾翼张开过程。