Employees' self‐efficacy and perception of individual learning in teams: The cross‐level moderating role of team‐learning behavior

Despite the importance of employee learning for organizational effectiveness, scholars have yet to identify the factors that influence employees' perception of individual learning. This paper identified employees' self‐efficacy as a potential antecedent to their perception of individual learning in the context of teamwork. We also hypothesized that team‐learning behavior had a moderating effect on the relationship between employees' self‐efficacy and their perception of individual learning. We conducted a study of 236 teams working in a retail firm, comprising 236 team supervisors and 1397 employees, and analyzed the data using hierarchical linear modeling. This study revealed that employees' individual‐level self‐efficacy was positively associated with their perception of individual learning in teams. Additionally, team‐learning behaviors moderated the positive relationship between employees' self‐efficacy and the perception of individual learning. This study has theoretical and practical implications for a more nuanced understanding of the perception of individual learning in the context of teamwork. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

灾害事故专业应急救援队伍能力评价指标体系研究*

为科学评价灾害事故专业应急救援队伍能力,基于相关行业领域应急救援队伍能力评价研究及制度标准分析,提取专业应急救援队伍能力构成要素,建立应急救援队伍能力评价指标体系及相应的评价方法。结果表明:指标体系可合理表征专业应急救援队伍能力,可为相关政府及企业开展灾害事故专业应急救援队伍能力评价提供参考。     

Team job‐related anxiety and creativity: Investigating team‐level and cross‐level moderated curvilinear relationships

Researchers have examined the effects of individual job‐related anxiety on employee attitudes and behaviors but have yet to examine whether team job‐related anxiety would have similar or different effects. Building on prior research on negative group affective tone and creativity, we propose that team job‐related anxiety has an inverted U‐shaped curvilinear relationship with both team and individual creativity. Furthermore, we posit that team cooperativeness moderates those curvilinear relationships. Using a two‐wave research design and matched employee‐supervisor data from 290 employees nested in 65 teams, we found support for the proposed inverted U‐shaped relationships. Moreover, the intermediate level of team job‐related anxiety was associated with higher individual creativity in teams with higher cooperativeness. We conclude the study with a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.     

Defining practical and robust study designs for interventions targeted at terrestrial mammalian predators

Conflicts between humans and mammalian predators are globally widespread and increasing, creating a long-lasting challenge for conservation and local livelihoods. Protection interventions, which are essential to conflict mitigation, should be based on solid evidence of effectiveness produced by robust study designs. Yet, it is unclear what study designs have been used in predator-targeted interventions and how they can be improved to provide best practices for replications. I examined how applications of five study designs (before-after, before-after-control-impact, control-impact, crossover [i.e., the same randomly assigned study units acting as treatments and controls during alternating trials], and randomized controlled trial) have changed over time and how these changes are related to authors, predator species, countries, and intervention types (aversion, husbandry, mixed interventions, invasive management, lethal control, and noninvasive management). I applied multinomial regression modeling to 434 cases (28 predator species and 45 countries) from 244 studies published from 1955 to 2020. Study design was related only to intervention type. Less reliable before-after and control-impact studies were the most common (47.7% and 38.2% of cases, respectively), and their use increased over years as did all interventions. The contribution of the most robust before-after-control-impact (7.4%), randomized controlled trial (5.3%), and crossover designs (1.4%) remained minor over time. Crossover is suitable for aversion, most husbandry techniques, and a few other interventions, but crossover interventions also have the most limitations in terms of applicability. Randomized controlled trial is generally applicable, but impractical or inappropriate for some interventions, and before-after-control-impact appears to be the most widely applicable study design for predator-targeted interventions.     

金属板及钢板网对雷电电磁脉冲磁场传播特性的影响

为分析公众曝露在多个频段磁场中的耦合效应,选取了8/20和10/350两种雷电电磁脉冲耦合波形作为激励源,在分析了二者能量分布规律的基础上,对空间中不同测点的感应磁场进行了计算,探讨了不同材质金属板及钢板网对磁场传播特性的影响。仿真结果表明,雷电电磁脉冲能量主要集中在1MHz以下,屏蔽室结构相对其波长为电小尺寸;不同材质金属板及其工程结构对磁场屏蔽效能影响较小,且与钢板网的效果类似;根据公众曝露限值,在相对激励源波长为电小尺寸的屏蔽室构建中,全封闭式的电磁屏蔽并不必要。     

温室气体与大气污染物协同控制效应评估与规划

提出一套完整的温室气体与大气污染物协同控制效应评估与规划方法：首先,采用排放因子法分别计算减排措施（减排主体）对各类温室气体（全球污染物）和局地大气污染物减排量;其次,以《中华人民共和国环境保护税法》规定的污染物当量值、税额,以及碳排放权交易价格、IPCC发布的温室气体全球增温潜势（GWP）值等参数为依据,将全球和局地两类污染物归并为综合大气污染物排放量（Q_IAP）,或将2类污染物减排量归并为综合大气污染物协同减排量（ICER）,二者皆以综合大气污染物当量（IAPeq）计量;最后,采用协同控制效应坐标系、协同控制交叉弹性、单位污染物减排成本等评估指标和方法开展协同控制效应评估,绘制并依据边际减排成本曲线进一步开展协同控制成本-效果优化规划.应用此方法体系开展的钢铁、交通、电力等行业协同控制评估,城市协同控制规划,以及城市协同控制绩效评估的结果表明,该方法体系具有科学性、简明性和可操作性.     

城市蓝天保卫战行动协同控制局地大气污染物和温室气体效果评估——以唐山市为例

为满足在城市层面开展蓝天保卫战行动、协同控制局地大气污染物和温室气体效果评估的管理需求,本文构建了评估方法体系,明确了评估流程,并梳理了评估参数获取途径。本文所推荐的协同减排量核算方法和协同控制效果评估方法包括:采用排放因子法计算各措施的单项大气污染物和单项温室气体减排量,计算各措施的局地大气污染物当量(LAPeq)和二氧化碳当量(CO_2-eq)减排效果,进而采用协同控制效应坐标系分析和协同控制交叉弹性分析开展协同控制效果评估。本文以唐山市2018年蓝天保卫战行动为案例,选择12项子措施开展试点评估,结果显示:这12项子措施在减排LAPeq 13 840.89 t/a的同时,可协同减排温室气体1 009.43万t CO_2-eq/a;所评估的措施均位于协同控制效应坐标系第一象限;协同控制交叉弹性Els CO2-eq/LAPeq为6.66,即每减排1个百分点的LAPeq,可协同减排6.66个百分点的温室气体。研究表明,本文所提出的评估方法体系具有较好的适用性,可推广应用于城市蓝天保卫战行动协同控制局地大气污染物和温室气体评估工作中。     

靶场训练环境构设效果评估方法研究

目的 针对靶场基地化训练战场环境构设效果难以定量评估的实际情况,研究定量评估方法,开展效果评估,辅助支撑改进环境构设方案筹划与课目实施。方法 分析环境构设的内容,确定效果评估的对象,构建环境构设效果评估指标体系,采用层次分析法计算权重取值,采用专家打分法确定指标取值,最终得出效果评估值,并给出环境构设效果等级。结果 以某次基地化训练实践活动为例,通过以上方法评估战场环境构设活动效果,验证了该评估方法的可行性。结论 该评估方法实际可行,提供了环境构设效果定量评估的思路,对改进战场环境构设活动有较强的指导意义。     

重金属废水在线监测系统数据有效性审核研究

本文通过阐述重金属废水在线监测系统数据有效性审核的定义、条件及流程,指出有效性审核对保证数据准确性、可靠性、科学性及合法性所起的重要作用,提出信息化管理及预知性维修的建议.     

水生植物重建工程对小柘皋河富营养化水质的净化效果

利用筛选出来的芦苇(Phragmites australis Trin)、茭草〔Zizania latifolia (Griseb.) Stapf〕、香蒲(Typha orientalis Presl.)、菱角(Trapa natans Linn.)、莲(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)和菹草(Potamogeton crispus Linn.)6个工具物种,在小柘皋河道内进行水生植物群落重建恢复试验工程,并对该河道工程区内的水质进行1 a检测. 结果表明:恢复后小柘皋河植被面积占整个河道的65%～75%,河道水生植物年生产量约1.42×106 kg(以湿质量计),相当于1.98×1012 J(能量);河道内的水生植物都具有一定的抗水力冲击负荷能力,能适应河道污水水质和水量均不稳定的动态变化特征,并对污水中COD_Cr,TN,NO₃--N,TP和NH₄+-N等均有去除作用,去除率平均值分别为23.61%,25.00%,26.37%,32.93%和33.55%.