地铁施工风险应急管理研究

针对近年来地铁施工事故频发,难以快速、有针对性地进行应急处置的问题,通过对近年来地铁施工事故案例的统计,分析导致地铁施工事故的相关因素,用Protege软件对以往地铁施工事故应急案例建立知识本体模型。通过目标案例与本体库中的源案例进行相似度计算与匹配,检索出案例库中相似度超过阈值的源案例,然后再对比筛选后的源案例与目标案例之间的关键属性相似度,从而决定进行规则推理或直接参考该案例的应急措施,以此提高应急处置的速度与针对性。     

国际土壤质量研究热点与趋势——基于大数据的Citespace可视化分析

论文利用文献计量学方法定量分析了土壤质量研究领域的科学文献,结果显示国际土壤质量研究热点从有机质及其组分对管理措施的响应、微生物指标敏感性、土壤质量定义到土壤质量评价方法、评价指标和框架的完善,在农业生产和环境保护中的应用性不断加强。目前,土壤质量的监测及其对土壤修复、全球气候变化的响应是未来研究热点。主要研究趋势有：1）发展中国家将在土壤质量研究领域中发挥重要作用;2）土壤质量对土壤修复、全球气候变化的响应以及应对措施成为未来的研究重点;3）可持续发展仍然是土壤质量研究的主题,不同国家及地区应根据自身特点进行土壤质量评价、监测、修复研究,制定法律,保障土壤管理的规范化和可持续化。     

Evaluating Rapid Participatory Rural Appraisal as an Assessment of Ethnoecological Knowledge and Local Biodiversity Patterns

Abstract:  There is a pressing need to find both locally and globally relevant tools to measure and compare biodiversity patterns. Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) is important to biodiversity monitoring, but has a contested role in preliminary biodiversity assessments. We examined rapid participatory rural appraisal (rPRA) (a tool commonly used for local needs assessments) as an alternative to surveys of vascular plants conducted by people with local knowledge. We used rPRA to determine the local-knowledge consensus on the average richness, diversity, and height of local grasses and trees in three habitats surrounding Boumba, Niger, bordering Park-W. We then conducted our own vascular plant surveys to collect information on plant richness, abundance, and structure. Using a qualitative ranking, we compared TEK-based assessments of diversity patterns with our survey-based assessments. The TEK-based assessments matched survey-based assessments on measures of height and density for grasses and trees and tree richness. The two assessments correlated poorly on herb richness and Simpson's D value for both trees and grasses. Plant life form and gender of the participant affected the way diversity patterns were described, which highlights the usefulness of TEK in explaining local realities and indicates limitations of using TEK as a large-scale assessment tool. Our results demonstrate that rPRA can serve to combine local-knowledge inquiry with scientific study at a cost lower than vascular plant surveys and demonstrates a useful blunt tool for preliminary biodiversity assessment.     

乐山市臭氧生成与前体物之间的关系及其敏感性和控制分析

为初步了解乐山市臭氧生成的主要特征和科学管控,采用Pearson相关性分析法分析一年来臭氧及其前体物之间的相关性,并采用OBM模式和VOCS/NOX比值法分别讨论臭氧生成的敏感性和控制性特征.结果 表明:乐山市氮氧化物与臭氧在夏秋两季呈现正相关,在春冬两季呈负相关;从臭氧的敏感性分析得出臭氧生成潜势PO3-NO:夏季＞...     

Exploring the lay/expert divide: the attribution of responsibilities for coal ash pollution in Tuzla,Bosnia and Herzegovina

Invoking expert knowledge is a common strategy in attempts to settle environmental disputes. However, the validity of expertise is contingent upon the context in which an actor is recognised as an expert. In complex environmental conflicts the distinction between lay and expert knowledge is not always fixed a priori. However, as conflicts unfold, intervening parties tend to present their cases in ways that reinforce this distinction. This is apparent in the attribution of environmental responsibilities. This paper presents an empirical case of an environmental conflict related to land contamination due to coal ash disposal in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The analysis revealed two polar positions in the conflict: the first one, mainly held by scientists and industry representatives, invoked expert knowledge and presented a distributed approach to the attribution of responsibilities; the second one, mainly held by local residents and municipal officials, presented an experiential understanding of pollution, as lay knowledge, and attributed direct responsibilities to the local energy industry. The paper concludes that the persistence of the distinction between expert and lay knowledge is a manifestation of the social structures that underlie the conflict.     

Made in conflict. Local residents' construction of a local environmental problem

The aim of this paper is to understand how local residents participate in the construction of local environmental problems and to evaluate a particular analytical approach in environmental sociology to study this phenomenon. The paper is based on an interview study with a sample of local residents. The analysis demonstrates how the local residents attempt to construct a local environmental problem. In particular, the study focuses on how involved actors are positioned, how different sorts of knowledge claims are used, and how the neglect the residents perceive from the authorities affects the attempt to construct a local environmental problem. The study shows that the local residents play a central role in the construction of the situation and that the evaluated model could be very helpful as an analytical tool in the investigation of local residents' participation in the construction of environmental problems.     

Local knowledge and climate change adaptation on Erub Island,Torres Strait

Local knowledge is a valuable asset in observing and managing environmental change, and importantly, is an unheralded source of adaptive capacity. Torres Strait Islanders are no exception, having used such knowledge to adapt to biophysical changes in their environment for centuries. This article explores the ways in which Islanders have coped in the past with environmental changes to plan for their future. This article focuses on Erub Island in the eastern group of islands in the Torres Strait and charts the adaptation actions or activities employed by respected locals (Elders and Aunties). Drawing on their local knowledge, these actions or activities have included the building of rock walls and wind breaks, using native species to re-vegetate sand cays and the coastal foreshore, applying self-sufficient practices such as fish traps and gardening, reading and respecting country, and transferring this knowledge to the younger generation. In this way, it is the Islanders themselves who detail, based on their local knowledge, what is most appropriate for their community.     

基于垃圾焚烧锅炉入料口的风幕技术

分析了垃圾发电锅炉入料口的正压释放问题,设计的风幕技术保证了此类循环流化床锅炉的安全运行,风幕技术改造结构设计合理,实用性强,值得在同类行业中推广应用。     

基于文献计量视角的我国应急资源研究进展分析*

为理清应急资源研究发展脉络和研究热点,基于文献计量分析,从作者合作、机构合作、关键词共现、研究热点突现、关键词时序图谱5个方面,对1999—2021年中国知网（CNKI）收录的1 503篇相关文献进行知识图谱分析,展现我国应急资源研究领域空间分布特征及研究热点。结果表明:在我国应急资源研究领域,作者和机构分布呈多元化发展趋势,当前研究热点包括多目标优化、选址-分配、NSGA-Ⅱ、公平性。人工智能技术、区块链技术、共享经济模式在应急资源配置中的应用是未来研究趋势。     

燃煤发电职业危害暴露健康负担评价方法*

为评估煤电行业从业人员因遭受职业危害暴露引起的健康负担大小,根据工作暴露矩阵法对燃煤发电职业暴露程度进行估算,利用健康效应分析和伤残调整寿命年指标构建燃煤发电职业暴露健康负担评价体系,实现职业暴露健康负担的量化评价。将所构建的评价体系应用于3个燃煤电厂进行对比分析,结果表明:各类危害因素中,粉尘所致健康危害最大,人均健康负担约为8.861 a;各生产环节中,运输煤系统所致健康影响最大,约占整个生产过程的45.53%。