孙虎地区烃源岩生排烃史模拟及结果分析

生排烃史是研究成藏过程的关键环节,本文在恢复埋藏史的基础上,通过建立生排烃史模型,模拟并编制各时期的生排烃强度等值线图并分析其生排烃史。结果表明,孙虎地区存在持续沉降型、早期沉降型和二次沉降型三种生排烃类型。沙三段至东营组沉积末期只在北区和前磨头洼陷中心有少量的烃生成排出;孔二段在沙一段沉积末期生排烃范围有所扩大,东营组沉积末期几乎扩展到全区。本区生排烃总量较少,属贫油区块。     

由通风网络结构数据自动生成通风网络图研究

通风网络图是矿井通风管理的一种重要图件.本文根据通风网络图的特点,介绍了一种由通风网络结构数据自动生成通风网络图的方法,并进行了开发实现和实践应用.     

Mekong River Fish Conservation Zones in Southern Laos: Assessing Effectiveness Using Local Ecological Knowledge

Small-scale fisheries are important in Laos, where rural people heavily depend upon Mekong River and tributary fish stocks for their livelihoods. Increasing pressures from human exploitation and habitat disturbance, however, have raised serious concerns about the potential depletion of various species. This has led to the establishment of large numbers of Fish Conservation Zones (FCZs) or “no-take” fish sanctuaries in southern Laos based on a “community-based fisheries co-management” framework. This study uses the local ecological knowledge (LEK) of fishers to assess the effectiveness of village-managed FCZs in enhancing fish stocks in the mainstream Mekong River in Khong District, Champasak Province. Focus group interviews about species that are believed to have benefited from different FCZs are compared with parameters such as FCZ area, age, depth, localized gradient, water velocity, and the presence of wetland forests nearby. The results suggest that no one aspect is likely to account for variations in fish stocks; rather, it is the interaction between numerous factors that has the largest impact. Secondly, the results indicate that microhabitat diversity and protection are critical for maintaining and enhancing Mekong fisheries. Deep-water pools are particularly important as dry season refuges for many fish species, and FCZ depth may be the single most important environmental factor affecting the success of FCZs in the Mekong River. FCZs have the most potential to benefit relatively sedentary species, but may also benefit highly migratory species, given the right conditions. This study shows that integrated approaches to stock assessment that employ LEK and scientific fisheries management have considerable potential for improving Mekong capture-fisheries management.     

浅析成都市生活垃圾焚烧发电的经济可行性

根据成都市生活垃圾性状和现有的工业基础及技术经济条件，对成都市建设生活垃圾焚烧发电厂的经济可行性进行了初步分析，指出上网电价为0．25元／千瓦时，政府对处置垃圾的补贴费为50元／吨，是经济可行的。     

自然资源系统的演化及其动力机制

在概述了自然资源和自然资源系统含义的基础上，分析了自然资源系统在人类发展的不同阶段（采集狩猎社会、原始农业社会、传统农业社会、工业社会、后工业社会、知识经济社会）的演化过程及其主要特征，并从自然界和人类活动两个方面探讨了自然资源系统演化的动力机制。     

青岛"城市数字化工程"研究

随着数字时代的到来，传统的城市规划、建设、管理与服务方式暴露出许多问题。在分析青岛城市系统信息化建设的基础上，提出了青岛“城市数字化工程”建设的目标、总体逻辑结构、数据库设计及其应用系统的开发研究等一系列问题，以期为青岛“城市数字化工程”建设提供决策支持。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光法测定一次性餐具中砷

建立了一次性餐具中砷的氢化物发生－原子荧光测定方法，在选定的试验条件下，荧光强度与砷质量浓度在0μg/L－180μg/L范围内呈线性关系，相关系数0．999 3，溶液检测限0．5μg/L，回收率96％－101％。     

郑州市PM2.5中有机酸的污染特征、来源解析及二次生成

大气颗粒物中的有机酸广泛参与大气中的各种物理化学反应,对二次有机气溶胶和霾的形成贡献极大,因此分析颗粒物中有机酸的浓度分布特征、评估其污染来源、探究其二次生成,对深入研究有机气溶胶及其二次转化具有重要意义.在郑州市不同季节采集大气细颗粒物（PM_2.5）样品,识别并定量二元酸类、脂肪酸类和树脂酸类有机酸共30种,探究其浓度分布特征、季节变化、来源贡献及二次生成.定量的二元酸类以丙二酸（di-C₃）和琥珀酸（di-C₄）含量最为丰富,并且表现出明显的季节变化特征：夏季 > 秋季 > 冬季 > 春季;脂肪酸类表现出明显的双峰优势,以棕榈酸和硬脂酸（C₁₈）最为丰富,季节变化特征为冬季最高,春季最低.利用主成分分析结合多元线性回归（MLR）方法对郑州市PM_2.5中的有机酸进行来源解析,结果表明,35%的有机酸来自于燃烧源和交通源,24%来自于烹饪源、23%来自于二次生成以及17%来自于天然源.利用标记物种的比值（如di-C₃ /di-C₄、F/M和C_18：1 /C₁₈）探究有机气溶胶二次形成及其老化过程.结果表明,夏季光化学反应剧烈,有机气溶胶老化或二次生产比例较高,冬季光化学反应较弱,有机气溶胶老化程度较低.采用相关性分析与MLR相结合的方法,量化了气相氧化和液相氧化对二元酸形成的相对贡献,气相氧化在采样过程中起主导作用,占比为58%,特别是夏季,占总二次转化的61%.     

城市供水管网抗震可靠性分析与设计优化

考虑管线震害发生的随机性,利用管线在地震作用下反应的二阶矩特征信息,采用带渗漏管网抗震可靠性分析的一次二阶矩方法,以华中地区某市主干供水管网为例,进行了基本烈度条件下的可靠度分析,结果表明,在低、中烈度条件下,供水管网中各节点均处于可靠状态;在高烈度条件下,节点主要处于可靠状态,局部处于严重不可靠、甚至出现断水状态。进一步地,基于微粒群优化算法,以管网年费用折算值为优化目标、管网拓扑结构与管径为优化参数、管网节点可靠度为约束条件,建立了新的供水管网抗震设计优化模型,并将供水管网所在区域的道路信息引入管网优化设计中,提出了管网拓扑的自动生成策略,从而形成了城市供水管网系统智能化抗震设计方法。数值算例表明,基于可靠度的抗震优化设计方法为风险-投资之间的合理均衡提供了理论基础,决策者可以据此选择所期望的最佳方案。     

Flood proneness and coping strategies: the experiences of two villages in Bangladesh

This paper explores peoples' indigenous survival strategies and assesses variations in people's ability to cope with floods in two flood‐prone villages in Bangladesh. It reveals that people continuously battle against flood vulnerability in accordance with their level of exposure and abilities, with varied strategies employed at different geophysical locations. The paper reports that people in an area with low flooding and with better socioeconomic circumstances are more likely to cope with impacts compared to people in areas with high and sudden flooding. Similarly, households' ability to cope varies depending on people's socioeconomic conditions, such as education, income and occupation. Although floods in Bangladesh generate socioeconomic misery and cause damage to the environment, health and infrastructure, people's indigenous coping strategies have helped them to reduce significantly their vulnerability. Such flood‐mitigating strategies should be well recognised and emphasised further via proper dissemination of information through an early‐warning system and subsequently external assistance.