A transformative mission for prioritising nature in Australian cities

Australia is experiencing mounting pressures related to processes of urbanisation, biodiversity loss and climate change felt at large in cities. At the same time, it is cities that can take the leading role in pioneering approaches and solutions to respond to those coupling emergencies. In this perspective piece we respond to the following question: What are the required transformations for prioritising, valuing, maintaining and embracing nature in cities in Australia? We adopt the mission framework as an organising framework to present proposed pathways to transform Australian cities as nature-positive places of the future. We propose three interconnected pathways as starting actions to steer urban planning, policy and governance in Australian cities: First, cities need to establish evidence-based planning for nature in cities and mainstream new planning tools that safeguard and foreground urban nature. Second, collaborative planning needs to become a standard practice in cities and inclusive governance for nature in cities needs to prioritise Aboriginal knowledge systems and practices as well as look beyond what local governments can do. Third, for progressing to nature-positive cities, it is paramount to empower communities to innovate with nature across Australian cities. Whilst we focus on Australian cities, the lessons and pathways are broadly applicably globally and can inspire science-policy debates for the post COP15 biodiversity and COP26 climate change implementation processes.     

基于知识图谱可视化视角的旅游灾害管理研究综述

如何进行旅游灾害管理是全球旅游目的地共同关注的问题.首先界定了旅游灾害管理的概念,然后在中国知网和Web of Science中分别筛选了168篇和180篇中英文文献,采用知识图谱文献可视化分析方法,绘制了发文量、作者和发文机构,以及关键词共现图谱.研究认为,国内外旅游灾害管理研究集中于旅游灾害风险、旅游风险评估、灾害...     

Effect of bubble generation on hot zone formation in tank fires

Boilover is a phenomenon that both stakeholders and fire-fighters in the petrochemical industry try to avoid. This phenomenon results in an explosion of liquid hydrocarbon materials (e.g., crude oil) due to prolonged oil tank fires. The elevated temperature provides energy to vaporize the water sub-layer, which commonly resides at bottom of storage tanks, leading to tremendous fire enlargement as fuel tends to spill over around the tank. Boilover follows the formation of an isothermal layer called ‘hot zone’, and is typically accompanied by continuing bubble appearance in the hot zone. Previous studies have suggested that bubble generation could be a driving force for boilover, as it accelerates heat mixing. However, the effect of bubble generation on the mechanism of hot zone formation has not yet been systematically studied. This work investigates the effect of bubble formation on hot zone formation by installing a metal mesh in a burning fuel container. The size of the mesh grid and the position of the mesh are varied to generate bubbles with different volumes from different depths from the fuel surface. Experimental results demonstrate that the metal mesh definitely increases the volume of bubbles, and significantly reduces the time to form a hot zone. The mesh with small grids generates more bubbles than that with large grids. Additionally, bubbles start to generate earlier when the mesh is fixed nearer the fuel surface. Experimental results provide direct evidence of the bubble effect on hot zone formation.     

安全工程专业本科专业规范的研究与探讨

专业规范是规范、指导本科教学的重要手段。根据教育部关于规范编制的有关文件要求和安全学科基本理论基础,自2005年以来的3年研究与编制工作,已完成安全工程专业本科专业规范的阶段性版本。起草组和业界学者共同完成的征求意见稿中,对专业的发展方向、主干学科、培养目标等方面做了比较明确的描述,设计了知识体系及其所包含的知识领域、知识单元等。同时,课程体系、专业特色的构建也得到较充分考虑。但是,规范的研究是一项很复杂的系统工程,仍需在学科基本问题的认识、知识体系框架设计、知识点的具体化等方面广泛吸收各方面的意见。     

Solutions-oriented research for sustainability: Turning knowledge into action: This article belongs to Ambio’s 50th Anniversary Collection. Theme: Solutions-oriented research

In this perspective, we reflect upon the question: what processes may help transition scientific insights on sustainability issues into practice and thus contribute to tackling the complex, systemic sustainability problems of today? We use five forerunners in the field of providing and brokering knowledge for science informed real world solutions, all published in Ambio and highlighted in this Anniversary collection, as our starting point. We discuss how the authors present solutions, whom they tried to reach, and what was suggested—implicitly or explicitly—as the potential uptake processes for turning scientific knowledge into practice. With this as the starting point, we discuss how sustainability science, as a field vowed to action, has evolved in its views of actors, pathways for impacts, and the potential roles of research and researchers to promote sustainability transformations.     

Recognizing Indigenous peoples’ and local communities’ rights and agency in the post-2020 Biodiversity Agenda

The Convention on Biological Diversity is defining the goals that will frame future global biodiversity policy in a context of rapid biodiversity decline and under pressure to make transformative change. Drawing on the work of Indigenous and non-Indigenous scholars, we argue that transformative change requires the foregrounding of Indigenous peoples’ and local communities’ rights and agency in biodiversity policy. We support this argument with four key points. First, Indigenous peoples and local communities hold knowledge essential for setting realistic and effective biodiversity targets that simultaneously improve local livelihoods. Second, Indigenous peoples’ conceptualizations of nature sustain and manifest CBD’s 2050 vision of “Living in harmony with nature.” Third, Indigenous peoples’ and local communities’ participation in biodiversity policy contributes to the recognition of human and Indigenous peoples’ rights. And fourth, engagement in biodiversity policy is essential for Indigenous peoples and local communities to be able to exercise their recognized rights to territories and resources.     

浅谈班组长在安全管理中的核心作用

从一件小事入手,论述了班组长在生产实践中的地位、责任、义务等诸多方面的具体细节,得出了班组长是生产中的核心人物的结论。     

基于知识图谱的建筑工程施工事故智能分析

为预防和减少建筑工程施工事故,应用人工智能领域知识图谱技术,对建筑工程施工事故进行分析。通过定义领域知识图谱概念体系结构,从建筑工程施工事故数据中提取关键知识要素,构建建筑工程施工事故知识图谱,将其储存在Neo4j图数据库中,并提出基于知识图谱的建筑工程施工事故分析流程,针对事故相关信息开展查询、统计分析以及关联路径分析等智能分析。研究结果表明：基于知识图谱技术,将建筑工程施工事故知识以可视化图形或表格等进行展示,将事故信息以知识形式结构化存储及表达,可有效提高事故分析工作效率,为事故预防以及安全管理提供决策支持。     

Framework for integrating indigenous and scientific knowledge for disaster risk reduction

A growing awareness of the value of indigenous knowledge has prompted calls for its use within disaster risk reduction. The use of indigenous knowledge alongside scientific knowledge is increasingly advocated but there is as yet no clearly developed framework demonstrating how the two may be integrated to reduce community vulnerability to environmental hazards. This paper presents such a framework, using a participatory approach in which relevant indigenous and scientific knowledge may be integrated to reduce a community's vulnerability to environmental hazards. Focusing on small island developing states it presents an analysis of the need for such a framework alongside the difficulties of incorporating indigenous knowledge. This is followed by an explanation of the various processes within the framework, drawing on research completed in Papua New Guinea. This framework is an important first step in identifying how indigenous and scientific knowledge may be integrated to reduce community vulnerability to environmental hazards.     

汶川8.0级地震非承重墙体震害调查分析

通过对汶川8.0级地震发生后西安、成都地区(地震烈度为Ⅵ～Ⅶ度区)的高层建筑震害调查,以某小区震后建筑物非承重墙体裂缝为实例,给出了高层建筑震害易发生的部位和楼层,分析了非承重墙体裂缝产生的原因。震害调查表明:汶川地震中,在抗震设防烈度为Ⅵ～Ⅷ度区,当地震烈度为Ⅵ～Ⅶ度时,非承重墙抗震性能的表现不尽如人意。提出了应对非承重墙体制定设防目标,且非承重结构构件的抗震设防目标应与主体结构设防目标相适应,使建筑结构设计,对非承重墙的抗震设防有据可依,使灾后有可能对设计与施工的质量进行评估,通过有区别地加强非承重墙的抗震构造措施,减小建筑物的震害损失。