Identifying key needs for the integration of social–ecological outcomes in arctic wildlife monitoring

For effective monitoring in social–ecological systems to meet needs for biodiversity, science, and humans, desired outcomes must be clearly defined and routes from direct to derived outcomes understood. The Arctic is undergoing rapid climatic, ecological, social, and economic changes and requires effective wildlife monitoring to meet diverse stakeholder needs. To identify stakeholder priorities concerning desired outcomes of arctic wildlife monitoring, we conducted in-depth interviews with 29 arctic scientists, policy and decision makers, and representatives of indigenous organizations and nongovernmental organizations. Using qualitative content analysis, we identified and defined desired outcomes and documented links between outcomes. Using network analysis, we investigated the structure of perceived links between desired outcomes. We identified 18 desired outcomes from monitoring and classified them as either driven by monitoring information, monitoring process, or a combination of both. Highly cited outcomes were make decisions, conserve, detect change, disseminate, and secure food. These reflect key foci of arctic monitoring. Infrequently cited outcomes (e.g., govern) were emerging themes. Three modules comprised our outcome network. The modularity highlighted the low strength of perceived links between outcomes that were primarily information driven or more derived (e.g., detect change, make decisions, conserve, or secure food) and outcomes that were primarily process driven or more derived (e.g., cooperate, learn, educate). The outcomes expand monitoring community and disseminate created connections between these modules. Key desired outcomes are widely applicable to social–ecological systems within and outside the Arctic, particularly those with wildlife subsistence economies. Attributes and motivations associated with outcomes can guide development of integrated monitoring goals for biodiversity conservation and human needs. Our results demonstrated the disconnect between information- and process-driven goals and how expansion of the monitoring community and improved integration of monitoring stakeholders will help connect information- and process-derived outcomes for effective ecosystem stewardship.     

Is current agronomy ready to promote sustainable agriculture? Identifying key skills and competencies needed

The quest for agricultural sustainability generates the need to develop functional support schemes aimed at supplying farmers with knowledge, information and appropriate solutions, thus smoothing the transition towards sustainable agriculture (SA). In this vein, it is expected that agronomists have to play a key role, plotting the course for a sustainable farming future. Nevertheless, a critical question is whether agronomists possess the skills and competencies needed to motivate and guide this transition process. Two studies were designed to examine which clusters of agronomists’ skills and competencies determine their ability to promote SA. Study 1, using data from a sample of farmers, revealed that agronomists’ level of knowledge on issues pertaining to SA, their networking capacities, facilitation competencies, and communication skills affect their ability to guide the transition towards sustainable farm production. Study 2, drawing on data from a sample of agronomists, confirmed the pivotal role of sustainability knowledge, facilitation skills and networking competencies on the aptitude to promote SA. Both studies uncovered that agronomists display low to moderate levels of these skills. Taken together, these results point out the need to reorganize agronomic (formal and lifelong) education in order to equip agronomists with new competencies and to enable them to effectively promote SA.     

基于CiteSpace中国生态补偿研究的知识图谱分析

生态补偿已成为生态环境管理领域的热点问题。本文基于CiteSpace可视化文献分析工具,以CSSCI数据库中1998—2018年的期刊论文作为数据源,以\"生态补偿\"为关键词进行文献检索,通过共被引、关键词共现分析以及聚类分析等,探讨生态补偿研究领域的知识基础以及研究热点与前沿。结果表明:①生态补偿研究的发文数量经历了缓慢上升、快速增长、平稳增加三个阶段;②生态补偿研究作者集中度较高,发行期刊涵盖经济学、地理学、生态学、制度经济学等多个学科,反映出生态补偿是一个多学科交叉的研究主题,生态补偿研究的综合性不断增强;③依据关键词知识图谱,\"国家重点生态功能区\"\"生态环境\"\"可持续发展\"等成为最新研究热点;④新时期生态文明建设下,\"草原生态补偿\"\"支付意愿\"\"转移支付\"\"退耕还林\"等成为生态补偿研究的最新前沿话题。     

小学生水域安全知信行问卷编制及信效度检验

在文献检索和访谈的基础上,提出有关编制适用于我国小学生水域安全调研的知信行(KAP)问卷的理论构想.以此为基础,编制小学生水域安全知信行初始问卷.经初测(N=495)和正式测量(N=2 554),运用探索性因素分析方法筛选条目,用克朗巴赫法评价同质性信度,据内容效度比评价内容效度,用探索性和验证性因素分析方法评价结构效度.问卷包含4个维度(水域安全知识、技能、态度和高危行为)共39个条目.问卷的信效度检验结果表明,问卷的因素结构、同质性信度、内容效度和结构效度均达到心理测量学的要求.小学生水域安全知信行问卷具有较为满意的信、效度,较好地反映了问卷设计的理论构想.     

电网应急预案知识图谱构建方法与应用*

为提高电网应急预案知识的检索效率以及电网事故的处置效率,提出电网应急预案知识图谱的构建方法。首先,以电网自然灾害和大面积停电事件应急预案为数据源,分析电网应急预案知识内容体系框架;其次,采用基于规则与基于深度学习的知识抽取方式对应急预案进行知识抽取,并基于Neo4j图数据库对电网应急预案知识进行存储和可视化展示;最后,以某市大面积停电事件应急响应为例,分析电网应急预案知识图谱在实际案例中的有效性。研究结果表明:所构建电网应急预案知识图谱可对电网突发事故进行辅助决策,从而缩短应急决策时间,提高电网事故的应急处置效率。     

煤矿工人职业健康研究进展的知识图谱分析

为研究煤矿工人职业健康的发展趋势,促进煤炭企业实施职业健康防护工作,基于知识图谱分析方法,采用CiteSpace软件分析中国知网(CNKI)和Web of Science(WoS)核心数据库中收录的近20年煤矿工人职业健康文献的关键词聚类及突现。研究结果表明:煤矿工人职业健康研究可分为职业健康危害因素、职业病及职业相关疾病三维度。职业相关疾病主要体现在行为和身心疾病、心脑血管疾病与代谢性疾病及慢性非特异性呼吸系统疾病3个层面;与职业病相比,职业相关疾病多呈现为“多因一果”特征,确诊难度更大;基于高频词突现特征,尘肺、听力损失、心理压力、高血压等是煤矿工人健康的主要威胁,此类健康问题与职业暴露有关,风险评价与管控是应对危害的重要措施;新兴研究热点为职业相关疾病的成因与防范,及职业健康与脑科学、智能化等领域的交叉研究。