我国安全生产监管队伍能力建设对策

分析了国内安全生产监管队伍建设现状,总结提出了我国在安全生产监管队伍建设方面存在的职责界限不清、内部监察工作不规范、人员能力不高、安全生产监管信息系统建设滞后等问题。结合国外安全监管队伍建设经验,制定了覆盖从"入"到"出"、全过程的能力培养和保障框架,提出了制定安全生产监管条例、实施监督与管理分离、合理设置各级监督机构职责分工、实施分级监督、强化监管队伍能力建设、建立安全生产监管信息系统、实施安全生产内部监察制度的对策。研究结果对增强我国安全监管队伍能力,提高安全监管水平具有参考意义。     

Managing environmental knowledge through unlearning in Spanish hospitality companies

The Spanish hospitality industry is facing environmental challenges which require organizations and individuals to learn new skills and practices and create new environmental knowledge. Understanding the nature and role of prior knowledge for sustainable development is a necessary step towards understanding if new environmental practices will be adopted successfully. This research focuses on unlearning and its impact on environmental knowledge by carrying out an empirical investigation of the unlearning context in 127 Spanish hospitality companies. The findings indicate that a process for consolidating emergent understandings would appear to be an intermediary step between the forgetting of old knowledge and the application of new environmental knowledge. Consequently, it is important that managers provide an appropriate unlearning context to support the openness of individuals to new ideas and environmental awareness. Otherwise, individuals may be fearful of or confused by the prospect of unlearning old habits and routines.     

基于GO法的LNG接收站气化外输系统可靠性分析

为保障液化天然气(LNG)接收站工艺系统生产的安全,基于GO法原理,对某接收站气化外输系统进行可靠性分析。在对系统工艺流程分析的基础上建立GO图,并采用概率公式算法分别对该系统进行可靠性定性与定量分析。结果表明:GO图简单实用,能够直观准确地表征系统工艺流程。GO运算得出气化外输系统的平均工作概率为0.977 814,平均维修时间为58 h,系统可连续稳定运行107天以上。由于数据是基于保守原则确定基本事件的,因此,计算所得可靠性结果可以作为气化外输系统安全可靠性的下限。     

基于知识图谱的应急管理研究态势分析

为直观展现国际范围内应急管理的研究态势,以2001—2011年间SSCI数据库中相关文献和数据为基础,运用Cite SpaceⅡ软件绘制应急管理研究领域的知识图谱。通过知识图谱可视化分析,展示国际应急管理领域主要研究力量的分布,应急管理研究的起源与知识基础,其学科领域和前沿的基本态势。研究结果表明,应急管理已成为研究热点,主要力量集中在欧美发达国家。相关研究起源于医疗卫生领域,目前研究内容延伸到自然灾害、事故灾难、公共卫生事件与社会安全事件等诸多领域。研究前沿问题集中在"恐怖主义"、"实时生产监控"、"突发事件"、"应急响应"、"应急护理"等方面。     

电力生产班组安全管理能力成熟度模型研究

根据事故案例及统计数据,分析得出提升电力生产班组安全管理能力是提高电力生产企业安全管理水平、维护人员和设备安全的重要途径。将系统理论引入电力生产班组安全管理能力研究,将电力生产看做一个动态的过程,把握住人、机、环境三大要素,以增量方式逐步引入三要素的发展变化,建立起生产班组安全管理能力成熟度5级模型:初始级、可重复级、已定义级、已管理级、改进优化级。只有达到上一级人、机、环境所要求的指标,安全管理能力成熟度可达上一级,电力生产班组可按一系列小的改良性步骤向更高的成熟度等级前进。安全管理能力成熟度达到改进优化级的电力生产班组可自发的不断改进,防止同类缺陷二次出现。     

Occupational Safety Culture Index (OSCI)——measuring the community and employees awareness,attitude and knowledge towards workplace safety and health in Hong Kong SAR

Promoting occupational safety and health in Hong Kong,Special Administrative Region of China is an important and ongoing mission. As the major organization with statutory responsibilities,the Occupational Safety and Health Council understand the importance to strengthen and cultivate our safety culture. It is widely believed that numbers of occupational related diseases and injuries could be prevented with the improvement of the awareness and attitudes of the employees and the public. Therefore,a comprehensive and in-depth study to monitor the occupational health and safety level and status of the community and working population is needed. Objectives: Our Council has developed the Occupational Safety Culture Index ( OSCI) to measure the current level of community and workplace safety and health awareness,knowledge and attitude. Benchmarking measures of the key safety performance indicators are to be derived thereof. Methods: A territory-wide random telephone survey was conducted to assess the community and employees’awareness,attitude and knowledge in 2008. A structured questionnaire was designed with the content validity and reliability assessed before the survey administration. A series of quality control approaches were also applied to assure the quality of the fieldwork and the reliability of the data. Results: 1,531 eligible participants’data were collected and computed into 2 types of composite indices,Occupational Safety Culture Index ( Community) ( OSCIC) and Occupational Safety Culture Index (Workplace) (OSCIW) . With the maximum score of index at 100,the overall score of OSCIC is 66. 9 and the OSCIW is 61. 3 in Hong Kong. Achievements: OSCI served as an effective management tool to measure the safety culture in Hong Kong. With a representative sample and high quality study control and validated assessment approaches,the OSCI and the sub-indices are reliable indicators to assess the effectiveness of safety culture enhancement strategy and the OSH intervention measures.     

Ecological literacy and socio-demographics: who are the most eco-literate in our community,and why?

Ecological literacy is founded upon knowledge and understanding about how the ecological systems of the Earth function and support life. A widespread concern that levels of ecological literacy within many contemporary human communities are inadequate to enable effective decision-making about sustainable ways of living led to a rigorous and carefully designed assessment of over 1000 South Australian adults from diverse sectors including industry, government, nongovernment, business and community organisations. This assessment tested for local and global knowledge, including an understanding of the interconnection of natural systems with human society. Quantitative analyses revealed significant relationships between scores and a range of socio-demographic characteristics. Scores varied significantly with gender, age, education, employment, place of growing up and time spent in South Australia (SA). Highest average scores were found in males, middle-age groups, the most highly educated, those with science-related educational backgrounds, those working in environment-related fields, those who grew up in small town environments rather than in large towns or cities and in those who had spent more than 10 years in SA. These findings contribute to a broader study of factors associated with ecologically literate individuals and groups within the western and industrialised adult community of SA. They form a valuable foundation on which to build efforts to further understand and develop ecological literacy within our citizenry and governing bodies.     

基于新闻搜索的城市公共安全及其风险热点主题分析

为了更加清晰地梳理城市公共安全及其风险领域的研究热点,进一步促进相关领域的深入研究,提高城市公共安全管理水平。以新闻搜索方法研究城市公共安全及风险领域的热点主题,首先,借助爬虫软件获取2006-2016年城市公共安全及其风险相关新闻;然后,运用系统分析与文本分析绘制时间、新闻来源、关键词和应用领域标准下的研究热点主题知识图谱。研究结果表明:城市公共安全及其风险领域的热点主题主要包括,城市公共安全风险源特征分析;风险源形成、发展、衰退和演化规律研究;城市公共安全教育与演练和意识培养;应急处置机制探究和应急管理体系建设;大数据驱动的城市公共安全风险监测、预测预警和评估研究。     

Integrating Local and Scientific Knowledge: An Example in Fisheries Science

Attempting to predict the spatial dynamics fish stocks, as required for management, is an ominous task given our incomplete understanding of biological and ecological mechanisms underpinning behavioral responses of fish. Large gaps still exist in our basic scientific knowledge. Nonetheless, the knowledge of fishers and fishery managers is not incorporated into our scientific analyses, even though such information is rich in observation since knowledge of fish behavior and distribution is a prerequisite for their profession. Combining such observations with more conventional scientific studies and theoretical interpretations provides a means by which we may bridge some gaps in our knowledge. Presented here is an example of how both local and scientific knowledge can be integrated in a heuristic model. The model, CLUPEX, is developed in the framework of a fuzzy logic expert system and uses linguistic statements written in natural language to capture and combine knowledge sources in the form of IF … THEN rules. The rules are inferred from interviews with experts and fishery professionals including fishers, fishery managers, scientists, and First Nations people. The knowledge base, comprised of the set of rules, is flexible in the sense that it can easily be modified to add additional information or change current information. Using input pertaining to biotic and abiotic environmental conditions, CLUPEX uses the rules to provide quantitative and qualitative predictions on the structure, dynamics and mesoscale distribution of shoals of migratory adult herring during different life stages of their annual life cycle.     

煤田采空区对地面地震动的影响

研究了煤田采空区对地面地震动的影响以及采空巷道的动应力分布。采空巷道用地表下圆孔来近似模拟,入射波场为造成较大震害的SH波。该问题采用镜像法求解,利用波函数展开和内域型Graf加法公式将解答归结为一组无穷代数方程组的求解,截断该无穷代数方程组可求得该问题的数值结果。最后,通过算例考虑了圆孔的动应力集中和地表动位移。结果表明,圆孔的动应力集中和地表的位移取决于入射波频率、角度和圆孔半径、埋深。该研究结果为煤田采空区的地震安全工作提供有益的参考。