地铁同站台高架换乘车站火灾人员疏散研究

为研究地铁同站台高架换乘车站发生火灾事故的疏散模式,以具有该换乘形式的某实体车站的全尺寸火灾实验烟气扩散规律为基础,使用buildingEXODUS软件研究该车站站厅、站台、设备区、停靠列车等多个区域火灾场景下乘客疏散所需的时间。对比分析站厅中部闸机、站厅楼扶梯入口及站厅出入口附近3处发生火灾的场景,分别研究地铁车站内闸机及栅栏门、自动扶梯、应急出口等设施的运行状态对于疏散结果的影响,获取每种工况下的疏散时间,3种火灾场景下,上行扶梯关闭、所有闸机及栅栏门打开、应急出口打开能够有效减少疏散时间,火源位于楼扶梯入口时对疏散时间的影响最大;研究站台中部、站台楼扶梯入口2处发生火灾的场景下,扶梯运行状态对于疏散时间的影响,上行扶梯停止运行后的乘客疏散时间相较于扶梯上行时分别降低41%,35%;分析设备区火灾对于设备区内工作人员疏散时间与乘客疏散时间的影响,由于工作人员数量相对较少,对车站整体疏散时间影响不明显;对比分析4B编组列车车头、车中及车尾发生火灾的场景对于乘客疏散时间的影响,火源位于车中时对疏散时间的影响最大。     

Gas dispersion risk analysis of safety gap effect on the innovating FLNG vessel with a cylindrical platform

While the effect of the safety gap on explosions is well known, little has been carried out to evaluate the effect of the safety gap on dispersion of gas releases, this paper evaluates the effect of safety gap on gas dispersion for a cylindrical Floating Liquefied Natural Gas (FLNG) vessel. The realistic ship-shaped and circular FLNG platforms are established and used for the detailed CFD based analysis; rather than the structural and hydrodynamics advantages of mobility, stability and cost efficiency etc., this study aims to investigate the safety of gas dispersion on the cylindrical FLNG and compare the safety gap effects on different configurations. A series of different safety gap configurations are evaluated for gas dispersion occurring in near field for the traditional FLNG while both near field and far field gas dispersion simulations are conducted on the cylindrical one. The overall results indicate that the safety gap is effective in reducing the gas cloud size in both FLNG configurations, however, when it comes to the gas dispersion in the far field against the leakage point, the safety gap increases the gas cloud size in the cylindrical FLNG vessel on the contrary.     

工业源挥发性有机物动态更新平台的建立与研究

挥发性有机物(VOCs)是一类重要的大气污染物质,通过工业源VOCs动态更新平台对其进行管控是十分必要的.对比分析国内外VOCs动态更新机制的发展状况,结合天津市建立的工业源VOCs排放申报平台,提出了包括建立涵盖全行业的统一申报系统、建立规范的申报和审核流程、确定统一的总量核算办法、形成工业源VOCs排放清单、建立VOCs动态更新机制在内的动态更新平台建立思路,用于指导工业源VOCs的污染防治工作.     

Portrayal of sustainability principles in the mission statements and on home pages of the world's largest organizations

Conservation can be achieved only if sustainability is embraced as core to organizational cultures. To test the extent to which the related concepts of sustainability, conservation, response to climate change, poverty alleviation, and gender equity have been incorporated into organizational culture, we compared mission statements published from 1990 to 2000 with those published in 2014 for 150 organzations, including conservation nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), aid NGOs, government development agencies, resource extraction companies, and retailers (30 in each category). We also analyzed the 2014 home web pages of each organization. Relative to the earlier period, the frequency with which mission statements mentioned poverty alleviation, biodiversity conservation, and a range of sustainable practices increased only slightly by 2014, particularly among resource extractors and retail companies. Few organizations in any sector had embedded either climate change or gender equity into their mission statements. In addition, the proportional intensity with which any of the aspirations were expressed did not change between periods. For current home pages, conservation NGOs, resource extractors, and government agencies were significantly more likely to acknowledge the importance of matters that were not part of their core business, but few aid agencies or retail companies promoted goals beyond alleviation of crises and profit maximization, respectively. Overall, there has been some progress in recognizing poverty alleviation, biodiversity conservation, and sustainable practices, but gender equity and a determination to reduce impacts on climate change are still rarely promoted as central institutional concerns. Sustainability in general, and biodiversity conservation in particular, will not be achieved unless their importance is more widely apparent in core communication products of organizations.     

低压电器高原环境适应性技术研发平台建设研究

介绍了低压电器高原环境适应性技术研发平台建设的主要内容及关键技术，平台的成功建设填补了我国大容量低压电器高原环境模拟试验能力的空白，为高原型低压电器及成套设备的研发提供有效手段。     

基于X列表的云应急管理体系构建

针对非常规突发事件的链式演化特征,为实现云应急环境下云应急管理体系内资源的智能化配置和敏捷高效的按需服务,对接入云端的应急资源、服务进行面向应急管理应用的分类,构建以"感知-决策-处置"为主线的云应急体系的按需服务机制;运用X列表(Bill of X,BOX)模型,分析云应急体系结构,提出面向云应急的X列表体系结构模型,建立列表要素间的语义描述框架和关联关系模型;设计了云应急模式下基于X列表的云应急平台的架构,以期为应急管理活动提供参考和依据。     

SIL评估及HAZOP分析技术在海洋平台安全评估中的应用

针对海洋平台安全仪表系统安全可靠性要求的提高,分析海洋平台安全仪表系统SIL评估及HAZOP分析方法,对SIL评估的必要性、目的和内容、方法与流程进行论述,对SIL等级选择的HAZOP和LOPA分析方法进行介绍,对SIL评估过程中的重要数据问题进行阐述,对SIL等级验证中各参数和失效数据的选取进行说明。通过案例进一步论述SIL评估及HAZOP分析技术的要点和实施步骤,针对该案例提出了提高SIL等级的建议和措施,为海洋平台安全仪表系统的SIL评估提供重要的参考和依据。     

环境影响评价需要新的突破

中国环境影响评价已取得巨大成绩，在项目建设、区域发展中起着重要的作用，成为环境保护的重要保证手段。但中国环境影响评价依然存在十分突出的问题，还不能充分发挥其应有的功能。为此，环境影响评价应坚持正确的价值观，要打破环评单位隶属于项目建设单位的主从关系，环境单位要有独立行使调整、考察、分析、评价和下环评结论的权利；环境影响评价的时间要适时、充分，杜绝项目先上马后补环评，或项目要上马临时补环评的做法；战略环评应在宏观发展战略发挥更大的作用，成为国家宏观调控的有力工具之一；要构建环评的公共服务信息平台，反对信息部门垄断和数据虚假；环评方法贵在创新、重在实用，要积极应用新方法、新技术，反对数学方法与模型的滥用。     

构建重点企业清洁生产监管信息平台系统功能的探讨

清洁生产是实现可持续发展的必由之路,建设重点企业清洁生产监管信息乎台是有效推行清洁生产的重要环节。根据国内外推行清洁生产的发展趋势,建设重点企业清洁生产监管信息平台意义重大而深远。根据目前环保部清洁生产管理工作需要,确定了系统设计目标,对系统的功能模块进行了初步研究,从实用、高效、前瞻性角度构建重点企业清洁生产监管信息平台系统进行了探讨。     

湖南环境应急指挥系统结构与功能浅析探讨

近年来,湖南省环境信息化建设快速发展,但在通信网络的抗毁性以及突发事件的应对能力等方面考虑还不够完善。环境应急指挥系统能够协助环境厅应对各类突发的紧急事件,实现事前监测;在应急事件发生的时候快速、准确、科学地决策、协调、调度和指挥,向公众提供环境方面的紧急救助信息和服务;事后进行事件评估,重建等工作。本文研究的是湖南省环境应急指挥系统功能的实现,完成了一套环境应急指挥系统的开发工作。根据目前我省环境保护应急指挥实际情况,设计了环境应急指挥系统的总体平台;对环境应急指挥调度系统和综合应用系统进行了设计和分析,重点是对应用软件系统和硬件支撑平台进行了研究设计。