渤海石油平台溢油生态环境损害评估系统开发研究

为了准确评估渤海石油平台溢油对生态环境造成的损害,本文对国内外溢油生态损害评估方法进行了梳理,选择出适当的评估方法应用于渤海石油平台溢油生态损害评估中,实现了对海域的环境容量损失、生态服务功能损失和天然渔业损失的评估,最后借助计算机技术完成了生态损害评估的系统开发.模型的运行结果验证了模型的科学性和实用性,能够为有关部...     

油浸式变压器消防灭火真型试验平台构建及试验验证

针对油浸式变压器的起火原因、燃烧和灭火特性,模拟变压器同时发生套管火、变压器本体火、油枕火、集油坑火等立体火灾现象,构建适用于油浸式变压器的消防灭火系统真型试验平台,设计并安装泡沫喷雾和压缩空气泡沫灭火系统。基于大量冷喷性能试验,确定了泡沫灭火系统在真型变压器上的优化布置。全尺度变压器灭火试验表明：变压器在充分燃烧阶段,其火焰最高温度可达800℃;热辐射强度最大为34.6 (kW·m^-2);采用压缩空气泡沫灭火系统,最短35 s扑灭变压器的全部火灾。该真型试验平台构建合理,达到预期试验效果,为研究油浸式变压器火灾及各类消防灭火装备的性能试验提供了研究基础。     

半刚性悬挂在集运系统低平板车上的应用

码头牵引车和6.096 m低平板半挂车组成的半挂列车是连接中转站和集装码头的设备。文章根据低平板半挂车的使用环境和刚度要求,分析确定半刚性为集运系统半挂车所适用的悬挂系统。根据实验测试,最终产品定型时所取的板簧曲率半径为R=3 880 mm。     

Identifying climate change refugia for South American biodiversity

Refugia-based conservation offers long-term effectiveness and minimize uncertainty on strategies for climate change adaptation. We used distribution modelling to identify climate change refugia for 617 terrestrial mammals and to quantify the role of protected areas (PAs) in providing refugia across South America. To do so, we compared species potential distribution across different scenarios of climate change, highlighting those regions likely to retain suitable climatic conditions by year 2090, and explored the proportion of refugia inside PAs. Moist tropical forests in high-elevation areas with complex topography concentrated the highest local diversity of species refugia, although regionally important refugia centers occurred elsewhere. Andean–Amazon forests contained climate change refugia for more than half of the continental species’ pool and for up to 87 species locally (17 × 17 km² grid cell). The highlands of the southern Atlantic Forest also included megadiverse refugia for up to 76 species per cell. Almost half of the species that may find refugia in the Atlantic Forest will do so in a single region—the Serra do Mar and Serra do Espinhaço. Most of the refugia we identified, however, were not in PAs, which may contain <6% of the total area of climate change refugia, leaving 129–237 species with no refugia inside the territorial limits of PAs of any kind. Our results reveal a dismal scenario for the level of refugia protection in some of the most biodiverse regions of the world. Nonetheless, because refugia tend to be in high-elevation, topographically complex, and remote areas, with lower anthropogenic pressure, formally protecting them may require a comparatively modest investment.     

Signal denoising method for modal analysis of an offshore platform

The modal analysis of offshore structures is a key element of structural health monitoring based on vibration. A difficulty encountered by practitioners and researchers is that an accurate modal analysis is challenging in noisy environments. The objective of this work is to develop and implement a signal denoising method based on solving the inverse singular value problem of a measured (noisy) data matrix with prescribed entries to reconstruct a filtered data matrix. The measured (noisy) impulse response function (IRF) is used to build a square or nearly square Hankel matrix. The normalized rank determination indicator (RDI) of the Hankel matrix is introduced to determine the number of prescribed non-zero singular values in the prescribed entries inverse singular value problem (PEISVP). The reconstructed (filtered) matrix must maintain the original Hankel structure, and preserve the number of non-zero singular values. Once the filtered IRF has been obtained, the complex exponential (CE) method is applied for the modal analysis. To validate the proposed method, hereafter referred to as PEISVP-CE, we undertake the numerical simulation of a five-story shear building. Once successfully validated, we apply the PEISVP-CE method to an offshore field experiment of a jacket platform under the step relaxation. We find that the PEISVP-CE method is effective at eliminating noise and, therefore, appropriate for the modal analysis of offshore structures.     

全自动驾驶模式下站台门智能安全监控系统研究

全自动驾驶是一种先进的轨道交通列车运行控制技术,在全自动驾驶模式下,轨道交通列车运维对站台门的安全提出了更高的要求。本文在分析站台门在全自动驾驶模式下的安全监控需求的基础上,从站台门的运行外部环境和站台门自身的运行参数两方面出发,建立站台门智能安全监控系统,实时全面掌握站台门的安全状态,基于BIM技术和自适应学习技术,对站台门的安全状态进行预测,防范于未然并及时做好维修计划调整。该系统能让站台门的安全处于主动控制状态,减少安全隐患。     

塞曼石墨炉原子吸收法测定废水中低含量锡

试验了集恒温平台石墨炉 (STPF)于一体的纵向塞曼效应背景校正 ,最大功率升温 ,钯作为基体改进剂和峰面积积分 (A -s)测定废水中低含量锡的新方法。测定结果表明 ,锡含量在 0 μg/L～ 10 0 μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系 ,检测限 (3σ) 3 5× 10 -11g ,特征量为 9 1× 10 -11g ,相对标准差小于 6 % ,回收率在 91%～ 10 7%之间     

重化工业区环境风险源监控系统设计研究

针对重化工业突发环境事故频繁发生的现状,为了满足环境风险管理的需求,设计了重化工业区环境风险源监控系统。对易引起重大环境污染事故的特征风险物质,从监控指标体系、监控布点方案、监控技术、监控数据采集传输、监控网络数据库构建、监控信息平台等6个方面进行研究,构建集气态源、液态源和移动源为一体连续在线的环境风险源实时监控系统,有效实施重化工业环境风险源的管理和事故预防。     

基于GIS的珠三角区域空气质量实况发布平台介绍

地理信息系统是在计算机软件和硬件支持下,对整个或者部分地球表层空间中的各类地理信息数据进行采集、存储、管理、运算、分析、显示和描述的技术系统。根据中国发布的环境空气质量新标准,提出了基于地理信息系统的区域空气质量实况发布平台的总体设计思路,介绍了这一平台的开发与运行环境、主要功能模块设计和实现方法。该平台已成功应用于珠江三角洲区域。通过广东省环境保护公众网信息平台,实时更新各个站点最新的空气监测数据,为广东开展环境整治工作以及居民日常出行提供参考。     

预报方法导向的系统化空气质量预报业务作业平台设计

中国正在开展环境空气质量预报能力建设,其中最关键的业务支撑是预报业务平台。以往的业务作业平台设计多是从软件编程的便利性出发,按照预报要素进行分类,很少按照预报方法或预报流程设计。研究讨论了预报作业平台的设计方法,遵循预报方法流程和人体工程学设计2个原则。其中,遵循预报方法流程能够使业务作业工作获得最大的便利;参考人体工程学,利于操作与完成的高效性和简洁度。目前,中国的环境空气质量预报平台还处于初期发展阶段,有待不断地探索和完善,因此,研究讨论一个有效的业务作业平台设计框架,将有利于促进全国空气质量预报业务平台能力建设的开展和业务体系的发展。