多维微振动模拟平台理论建模与仿真研究

目的模拟空间飞行器上反作用产生的微振动。方法设计一种多维微振动模拟平台,该模拟平台可产生空间六维微振动加速度谱。首先分析各个驱动腿及负载质心处的速度与加速度间的关系,接着结合牛顿-欧拉方法与拉格朗日方程推导得到多维微振动模拟平台的完整动力模型,最后利用多体系统软件ADAMS与MATLAB/Simulink进行联合仿真,以此联合仿真技术来验证理论模型的准确性。结果理论模型与仿真分析之间的最大误差为2.84%。结论该理论模型准确可靠,可以作为动力学控制的理论基础。     

基于动态风险平衡的海洋平台事故连锁风险研究

针对海洋平台事故风险特点,提出动态风险平衡概念,以此建立事故动力模型,并将该模型运用到墨西哥湾"深水地平线"井喷事故。动态风险平衡表征事故动力与事故阻力之间的动态平衡状态,具有动态性和暂时稳定性。事故动力模型以海洋平台可能发生的重大事故为研究对象,从工艺、技术和管理等角度分析事故可能致因和事故发展可能影响因素。该模型首先分析对象的初始事故动力,建立事故连锁风险图,然后计算初始动力发生情况下,传递动力和传递阻力的概率分布,最后提出相应风险控制措施。实例分析表明,基于动态风险平衡建立的事故动力模型能有效分析海洋平台事故连锁风险。     

川煤达竹公司本质安全型煤矿建设探讨

本质安全型矿井的建设是促进煤矿安全生产的有效措施。川煤集团达竹公司致力于本质安全型煤矿企业的建设,取得了一定的经验和成绩。介绍了川煤集团在本质安全型矿井建设的过程和实践中,立足企业实际,推行本质安全理念,创新安全管理模式;利用信息化手段,构建安全管理平台;通过"班组"管理,夯实基层安全管理;提升企业安全文化,确保企业科学可持续发展。从理念、技术、管理和文化四个方面,加强本质安全型矿井的建设,形成了具有特色的本质安全发展思路。     

石墨炉升温程序的灰化技术

本文以测定铅为例,研究了石墨炉升温程序的灰化技术,包括基体干扰的消除,基体改进剂和Ｌ’ｖｏｖ平台的应用。     

Global effects of extreme temperatures on wild bumblebees

Climate plays a key role in shaping population trends and determining the geographic distribution of species because of limits in species’ thermal tolerance. An evaluation of species tolerance to temperature change can therefore help predict their potential spatial shifts and population trends triggered by ongoing global warming. We assessed inter- and intraspecific variations in heat resistance in relation to body mass, local mean temperatures, and evolutionary relationships in 39 bumblebee species, a major group of pollinators in temperate and cold ecosystems, across 3 continents, 6 biomes, and 20 regions (2386 male specimens). Based on experimental bioassays, we measured the time before heat stupor of bumblebee males at a heatwave temperature of 40 °C. Interspecific variability was significant, in contrast to interpopulational variability, which was consistent with heat resistance being a species-specific trait. Moreover, cold-adapted species are much more sensitive to heat stress than temperate and Mediterranean species. Relative to their sensitivity to extreme temperatures, our results help explain recent population declines and range shifts in bumblebees following climate change.     

地铁列车火灾中的人员疏散仿真研究

近年来,随着城市人口的不断激增,地铁行业也随之蓬勃发展,地铁列车已经从城市交通的辅助角色转变成人们生活中的关键需求,因而做好地铁的消防安全工程势在必行。针对列车火灾的人员疏散问题进行了模拟分析,考虑列车车厢内4种人员密度疏散的场景,通过软件模拟分析,将结果与规范计算所得结果进行比对,较为真实可靠地反映了人员密度对疏散的影响,并在此基础上提出相关建议。     

Mean annual (222)Rn concentration in homes located in different geological regions of Poland: first approach to whole country area

The paper presents the results of year-long measurements of radon (²²²Rn) concentration inside 129 buildings in Poland in relation to the geological conditions of their foundation. The authors took into account the division of the country into tectonic units, as well as the lithology of the rocks forming the bedrock of these buildings. As expected, the highest value of mean annual ²²²Rn concentration (845 Bq/m³) was recorded in a building situated in the area of the Sudetes, while the highest geometric mean (characteristic of the expected log-normal data distribution) was calculated based on measurements from buildings located within the East-European craton, in the area of Mazury-Podlasie monocline, where it reached 231 Bq/m³. Such results reflect geological conditions - the occurrence of crystalline rocks (especially U- and Ra-enriched granites and orthogneisses) on the surface in the Sudetes, and of young post-glacial sediments containing fragments of Scandinavian crystalline rocks, also enriched with U and Ra, in the area of Mazury-Podlasie monocline. However, the least expected result of the investigations was finding out that, contrary to the hitherto widespread belief, none of the major tectonic units of Poland can be excluded from the list of those containing buildings with mean annual ²²²Rn concentration exceeding 200 Bq/m³. The mean annual concentration of radon for all the buildings were much higher than the mean concentration value (49.1 Bq/m³) of indoor radon in Poland quoted so far. These results cast a completely new light on the necessity to perform measurements of radon concentration in residential buildings in Poland, no more with reference to small areas with outcrops of crystalline rocks (especially the Sudetes, being the Polish fragment of the European Variscan belt), but for all the major tectonic units within Poland.     

基于安全疏散的高速铁路桥梁救援定点站台设计参数研究

应用安全疏散性能化设计的理论方法,研究了桥梁救援定点疏散站台的尺寸参数 ,以保证设计更为安全、经济、合理。首先,采用FDS软件模拟火灾警戒线随疏散时间 的发展趋势,分析ASET对站台长度的影响;其次,采用EVACNET4软件模拟了列车中部和 端部火灾情境下,乘客在站台的疏散运动,研究站台宽度对疏散时间的影响。结果表明 :从火灾警戒范围考虑,站台长度取值为450 m是经济合理的;有效宽度1.75 m为站台 疏散时间特征变化的分界点,有效宽度为1.75 m时的疏散时间均小于有效宽度为1.5 m 时的疏散时间,而当有效宽度大于1.75 m后,疏散时间的变化不大。研究成果可为救援 定点疏散站台的尺寸设计提供参考和依据。     

基于“大智物云”的土壤与地下水修复智慧平台设计研究

为顺应国家“加快产业转型升级,推进绿色低碳发展”的要求,针对当前土壤与地下水修复存在的智能化水平不高、信息通信建设程度低、决策和施工不协调、工作效率低等问题,按照现存问题分析—总体架构设计—关键技术应用的思路,将新信息技术（IT）和操作技术（OT）相结合,充分利用大数据、物联网、云计算、智能控制等技术解决现存工程问题,设计了基于“大智物云”的土壤与地下水修复智慧平台,可实现污染场地多源异构数据采集、大数据实时交换、云计算和虚拟工厂在线管理等功能,通过多层次数字化转型,助力土壤与地下水全流程修复的目标,推动行业智能化和低碳化发展。

     

海洋核动力平台核事故应急监测策略研究综

综述了国外核事故应急监测策略研究进展,以及我国在核应急监测法规标准、应急监测方法、应急辐射环境监测技术等方面的研究现状,从海洋核动力平台的法规标准、应急监测方案、应急辐射监测项目和应急监测方法4个方面进行了探讨,并提出了制定核应急监测政策及标准规范、建立应急监测预案库、加快研发应急采样与监测方法、建立海洋放射性监测体系等建议。