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221.
Application of the DPSIR framework to environmental degradation assessment in northern Ghana 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In many communities in northern Ghana, the environment has been altered by complex natural and human driven forces with significant impact on the lives of their inhabitants. The need to formulate an improved, holistic and consistent methodological approach to assess the problem is critical for sustainable natural resource management. This paper examines the potential of the DPSIR environmental assessment framework utilizing GIS‐based participatory methodology in the assessment of environmental degradation in northern Ghana. Community truthing tools such as key informant interviews, focus group discussions, participant observation and participatory Geographical Information Systems (GIS) were employed as a means of soliciting societal responses integrated to conventional GIS spatial analysis to measure the indicators of the Driving force–Pressure–State–Impacts–Response (DPSIR) assessment framework. Post classification GIS imagery results show a marked natural vegetation decrease of 634 km2 (42%) of the study area with a corresponding increase of 600 km2 (39%) of grasses and built‐up and barren environment in the period of 14 years from 1990 to 2004. This is attributed to extreme climatic conditions and human driven causes such as poverty, population growth, migration and land tenure system. Poverty reduction strategies, amendment of the Mining and Mineral Law (PNDC law 153), improvement of the existing land tenure system and the control of migrants and Fulani herdsmen from neighbouring Burkina Faso were some of the solutions selected by the research participants, to be emphasized in the National Environmental Action Plan (EPA Act 490). This paper concludes that the DPSIR environmental assessment framework is an effective means of organizing complex environmental information to facilitate policy decision making. 相似文献
222.
中国蛇足石杉资源调查与评估 总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24
通过对我国蛇足石杉主要分布区35个野外样点和总样方量71300m2的调查,结合国内12个标本馆470余号蛇足石杉馆藏标本及现有文献的研究表明:蛇足石杉的主要分布区位于我国中亚热带和南亚热带所在的地理区域,幅员面积260×104km2,实际分布生境总面积约39×104km2;性喜阴湿,所适应的生态环境为中亚热带常绿阔叶林和南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林及其次生生态系统;野外生物量的调查得到了蛇足石杉在不同的地理区域的生物量分布格局,并由此结合专家系统对直接取样结果和间接推导数据的权重分析及环境参数的评估,初步确定我国蛇足石杉天然生物量为4656.6t;并以此为基础,在进一步考虑人的采集能力的前提下,判定我国蛇足石杉的理论可采量为1604t;同时指出,在目前收购价格条件下(30~40元/kg),我国蛇足石杉商业可采量大约不会超过200t。由于蛇足石杉资源分散,而且许多相对集中的产地均位于自然保护区和风景区范围内,因此,不可大规模开采,解决资源短缺的问题还有赖于寻求其他更加科学合理的途径。另外,论文为小型植物的生物量和可采量评估提供了一些新思路和方法。 相似文献
223.
Tourane Corbiére-Nicollier Yves Ferrari Christophe Jemelin Olivier Jolliet 《国际发展与全球生态学杂志》2013,20(3):225-237
In Switzerland, communities are encouraged to define and to report on local Agenda 21. This paper presents an analysis framework to help local communities set sustainable development priorities and to follow through with appropriate actions. Four Swiss communities, from the French-speaking part of Switzerland, actively follow the project: Lausanne (114 304 citizens), Vevey (15 364 citizens), Mannens-Grandsivaz (505 citizens) and Essertines/Yverdon (666 citizens). The analysis framework developed is constituted of four interdependent fields: the societal characteristics, the individual or collective behaviours, the end objectives or sustainability impacts and the inhabitant's perception of these three fields. The link between society and behaviour can be studied through sociological analyses. The link between behaviour and environmental impact can be established thanks to Life Cycle analysis and Input/Output analyses. At each level, sustainable development indicators can be defined. As an application of the framework, the citizen energy consumption has been studied and expressed in energy slaves (= 3150 MJ/Year). A Swiss citizen needs altogether 69 slaves, 20 for his private consumption of goods and services, 19 for housing, 11 for transport, I1 for food and 8 for his consumption of public goods. If one fifth of the inhabitants of Lausanne, wanting to live closer to nature, actually moved out of town, the region would need 10 436 more slaves for 3500 persons happily living in the countryside. 相似文献
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227.
Ali Azizi Amineh Ghorbani Bahram Malekmohammadi Hamid Reza Jafari 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2017,60(10):1785-1808
Although mismanagement of groundwater resources has resulted in their destruction over centuries, climate change is speeding up this process more than ever. On the one hand, urgent action by government bodies is needed to address the challenge. On the other hand, a vast body of literature proves that bottom-up collective action, although requiring a longer time period, is a better solution to manage such resources. This research aims to address this dilemma. The groundwater resource in Ardabil plain in Iran, which has long been managed solely through government intervention, has been chosen as a case study to explore the opportunities and limitations of managing a critically endangered area from a common pool resource perspective. Our study suggests that managing Ardabil groundwater resources should be conducted on two scales. The bottom-up institutional agreements should take place at village scale while the government should stay in charge of the overall organization at plain scale. 相似文献
228.
不规范的流域水环境模型应用增加了决策风险。从过程管理的角度来看,我国尚未针对流域水环境模型的评估与验证建立标准化的技术流程,模型标准化应用水平较低。在总结已有研究成果以及先进管理经验的基础上,本文构建了标准化的流域水环境模型评估验证技术框架,提出了对应用于流域水环境管理决策的模型开展评估验证的基本原则、工作流程和技术要求,并通过案例研究验证了技术框架的可行性。技术框架引入了结构合理性评估、参数识别与灵敏度分析、模拟效果评估、不确定性分析等模型评估验证的关键技术,结合不同的模型类型、决策功能等特征给出了原则性的技术要求和应用建议。研究成果充分考虑了我国的环境管理需求,与现阶段环境模拟技术要求、环境监测能力和数据条件相适应,在理论探讨和技术实现层面具备明确的可行性,将促进我国流域水环境模型的规范化、标准化和本地化应用。 相似文献
229.
宁蒗地区地处扬子准地台西缘与松潘-甘孜褶皱系的接合部位.其东为南北向的康滇地轴.西为近南北向的三江构造带。这种特定的区域构造背景决定着本区基本的菱形构造格局。区内北东向金棉-木里断裂将本区划为两个不同的建造-构造区:宁蒗西北区和宁蒗东南区。宁蒗东南区受四条北东向与北西向深断裂为界的宁南菱形构造控制,形成了叙方对称型的宁南反凸双孤联合构造。该宁南反凸双孤联会构造东弧带追踪基底南北向构造所形成的包都-波罗弧形断裂构造,控制了本区喜山期斑岩带的形成和分布。区内斑岩群(体)主要分布于该主干控岩断裂带与其它多方向构造的复合系统中。通过模拟实验,进步验证了区内斑岩带的控岩造机制。 相似文献
230.
中国土壤科学发展的理论与实践 总被引:12,自引:3,他引:12
从土壤作为资源与环境共同载体这一角度出发,阐述了土壤科学发展的特点、土壤科学研究的特性和方向,提出了土壤“3P”、土壤“3S”和土壤“3R”的未来创新研究内容。认为应牢牢把握“土壤圈”这一现代土壤科学发展的理论基础,丰富和发展现代土壤科学,不断推进土壤科学发展与创新的实践运用。 相似文献