社会资本测量研究综述

高水平的社会资本是生态、社会与经济职责和谐过程的先决条件,社会资本在可持续发展领域的作用已引起了全社会的广泛关注。社会资本测量作为理解其作用机制的前提与基础,一直是学术界关注的焦点。然而,在实践中,由于缺乏统一的测量工具,对于社会资本结构性成分系统解耦、社会资本在地区间比较、社会资本精确理解等都存在困难。本文从确定社会资本的基本维度出发,分析了社会资本测量中存在的问题,发现当前主要从社会资本的网络、信任及规范三个基本成分、个体与集体两个分析层次出发寻求替代指标对社会资本进行测量,存在测量工具缺乏系统性、替代指标缺乏普适性、分析尺度转换缺乏有效性、社会资本成分与其影响结果的测量混淆等问题。为了更好地理解社会资本及其作用机制,本文提出应从确认社会资本的主要维度开始,建立系统的测量框架、采用多样化的研究方法、选择功能等同的测量工具等入手进行社会资本测量。     

基于外部性视角的区域生态补偿理论问题研究

当面对实现区域协调发展这一重大科学和实践命题时,生态补偿自然要同时解决人地关系中的区域关系,这就是区域生态补偿问题。地理运动构造了地理环境的整体性,而现实中的区域都具有产权区域属性,产权区域分割地理环境的整体性,使跨区域的地理运动演化为一个区域对其他区域的影响,即区域外部性问题。区域外部性所要解决的核心问题是判断外部性的“作用区域”,从而讨论外部性的空间特性,包括作用方向、范围和空间格局,并最终得到关于区域分布和区域关系的更加深入的认识。区域外部性理论能从特定的角度回答诸如为什么要实施区域生态补偿,如何确定补偿中的责任主体,如何设计补偿方式和确定补偿标准等区域生态补偿中的一些基本理论问题,从而成为其重要的理论基础。     

从生态文明理论探索看我国文明发展走势

生态文明本质上是一种协调发展的和谐性的文明。建设生态文明是马克思主义所要建立的新社会的内在要求,是人类对如何实现与自然界之间的协调与稳定做出的新结论。生态文明建设是一个复杂的、系统的工程,自然生态、精神生态和社会生态是生态文明的三个核心维度。     

旅游地游客忠诚:一个概念研究框架

回顾了顾客忠诚概念及研究发展历程,在此基础上构建了旅游地游客忠诚研究的概念框架并对其组成部分进行了解释。认为应以动态的、综合的观点研究旅游地游客忠诚,全面考虑影响旅游地游客忠诚的因素,并引入关系视角对旅游地游客忠诚的形成过程进行了研究。     

低碳经济的理论基础及其经济学价值

低碳经济是世界关注焦点,低碳经济逐步成为发展模式主导.然而,理论界对低碳经济研究主要集中在意义和途径,没有对低碳经济理论进行探讨.没有完善低碳经济理论会导致对实际指导失误.构建低碳经济理论体系,夯实理论基础是发展低碳经济的关键.本文首先从经济史中探寻低碳经济理论根基,“世界主义经济学”认为经济学是以造福人类为使命的科学和个人福利是完全依存于全人类福利的,这些经济学思想中全世界思维可以作为低碳经济思想源头.通过与生态经济、循环经济、绿色经济、气候经济学和资源环境经济学等相关学科比较,借鉴和吸取其理论.最后,对低碳经济理论对经济学影响价值进行探讨,这些价值主要表现在提供经济发展新模式理论基石,引导消费方式转变,化解国际经济合作困境,完善国际经济学体系,拓宽了环境问题解决途径,丰富了相关经济学研究内容等方面.本文研究从理论上肯定了低碳经济有经济学理论来源,有经济学理论价值,不仅仅是经济发展新模式.     

Towards global phosphorus security: a systems framework for phosphorus recovery and reuse options

Human intervention in the global phosphorus cycle has mobilised nearly half a billion tonnes of the element from phosphate rock into the hydrosphere over the past half century. The resultant water pollution concerns have been the main driver for sustainable phosphorus use (including phosphorus recovery). However the emerging global challenge of phosphorus scarcity with serious implications for future food security, means phosphorus will also need to be recovered for productive reuse as a fertilizer in food production to replace increasingly scarce and more expensive phosphate rock. Through an integrated and systems framework, this paper examines the full spectrum of sustainable phosphorus recovery and reuse options (from small-scale low-cost to large-scale high-tech), facilitates integrated decision-making and identifies future opportunities and challenges for achieving global phosphorus security. Case studies are provided rather than focusing on a specific technology or process. There is no single solution to achieving a phosphorus-secure future: in addition to increasing phosphorus use efficiency, phosphorus will need to be recovered and reused from all current waste streams throughout the food production and consumption system (from human and animal excreta to food and crop wastes). There is a need for new sustainable policies, partnerships and strategic frameworks to develop renewable phosphorus fertilizer systems for farmers. Further research is also required to determine the most sustainable means in a given context for recovering phosphorus from waste streams and converting the final products into effective fertilizers, accounting for life cycle costs, resource and energy consumption, availability, farmer accessibility and pollution.     

Sharing goals by timely communication improves fishermen's satisfaction with marine protected areas: A case study in the Mediterranean

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are considered as a valid tool for mitigating the impact of fishing on marine ecosystems. Their success depends upon their acceptance by implicated stakeholders and on the integration of the stakeholder groups into their management. This integration is especially important with regard to fishermen, whose interests are the most directly affected by MPAs. The relational coordination method posits that effective communication and supportive relationships among stakeholders result in positive stakeholder behaviors and a more effective management of the system. Applying its principles, we designed a survey to evaluate the satisfaction of fishermen associated with five MPAs in the Spanish Mediterranean and determine what mechanisms affect fishermen’s acceptance of MPAs. Our results demonstrate that effective communication is particularly important for good supportive relationships and satisfaction among fishermen and other stakeholder groups, as well as satisfaction with the MPA. Sharing objectives with fishermen through timely communication is the primary mechanism to improve fishermen''s satisfaction and ameliorate perceptions towards MPA. To address this issue, we recommend more substantial integration of fishermen in the co-management of MPAs.     

INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR REGIONAL COOPERATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF WATER SUPPLY AND DEMAND IN THE MIDDLE EAST1

ABSTRACT: Water is, and most likely will continue to be, one of the main concerns and potential causes of instability in the Middle East (ME). The contribution of the existing renewable water resources is limited and can not fulfill the long-term projected gap between water supply and demand for most of the countries in the ME. An integrated regional approach for fulfilling this gap was preferred. A regional institutional framework was proposed for the implementation of this integrated regional approach and consists of a regional water board operating through three units for technical, implementation, and management aspects of project and activities. An analysis of the regional water supply and demand development, the design and policy making of the proposed institution, technology and water markets, cooperation, actors and beneficiaries, finances, and expected obstacles and constraints to the establishment and sustainable operation of the proposed institution are included.     

油烟过滤-洗涤净化效率的研究

在基本假设的基础上,建立起了油烟过滤-洗涤复合式净化效率的理论模型,推导出了净化效率的理论公式。在此基础上,通过模拟试验对其进行了必要的相似修正,最后获得了一个可以应用于实际的半理论半经验公式。该公式对于油烟过滤洗涤净化过程的参数优化和净化器设计具有实际意义。     

有机磷酸酯类化合物的定量结构-活性关系及稳健性分析

应用理论线性溶剂化能关系（TLSER）模型研究了35种有机磷酸酯类（OP）化合物的结构及其对家蝇急性毒性之间的关系,得到了可以指示毒性作用机理的定量结构-活性关系．在OP化合物与生物体的作用过程中,分子的极性是影响活性的最重要因素,表明OP化合物可能与生物体发生特异性反应．采用Bootstrap方法分析模型的稳健性,结果表明,模型的系数、标准误差及相关系数均与Bootstrap估计接近,模型具有较强的稳健性．