ASSESSING SATELLITE‐BASED AND AIRCRAFT‐BASED THERMAL INFRARED REMOTE SENSING FOR MONITORING PACIFIC NORTHWEST RIVER TEMPERATURE1

One central issue affecting the health of native fish species in the Pacific Northwest is water temperature. In situ observation methods monitor point temperatures, while thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing captures spatial variations. Satellite‐based TIR sensors have the ability to view large regions in an instant. Four Pacific Northwest river reaches were selected to test the ability of both satellite‐based and moderate resolution aircraft‐based TIR remote sensing products to measure river temperatures. Images with resolutions of 5, 15, and 90 meters were compared with instream temperature observations to assess how along stream radiant temperatures are affected by resolution, reach width, and sensor platform. Where the stream reach can be resolved by the sensor, all sensors obtain water temperatures within ±2°C of instream observations. Along stream temperature variations of up to ±5°C were also observed. Trends were similar between two sets of TIR images taken several hours apart, indicating that the sensors are observing actual temperature patterns from the river surface. If sensor resolution is sufficient to obtain fully resolved water pixels in the river reach, accurate temperatures and spatial patterns can be observed. The current generation of satellite‐based TIR sensors is, however, only able to resolve about 6 percent of all Washington reaches listed as thermally impaired.     

SM-I新型生物质——煤双燃料气化炉设计研究

研究探讨了一种既可用秸杆又可用煤为燃料的双燃料家用经济型热裂解气化炉新技术，并对其设计原理和方法进行了研究及探讨。     

Effects of Storage Time on Properties of Soybean Protein-Based Plastics

Soybean protein has been considered as a potential biodegradable polymer in the manufacture of plastics. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize the effect of storage time on thermal and mechanical properties of soybean protein isolate (SPI) plastics. SPI was separated from defatted soy flour, modified with 1M or 2M urea, or plasticized with glycerol, and compression molded into plastics. Plastic made from SPI alone was used as a control. For all SPI plastics, glass transition temperatures and dynamic storage modulus increased and loss tangent decreased during storage. Excess enthalpy of relaxation of all SPI plastics had an exponential relationship with storage time, indicating a fast aging rate at the beginning of storage. All SPI plastics tended to be stiff and brittle during storage. The plastics with glycerol had the slowest aging rate and were fairly stable after 60 days, with about 8.8 MPa tensile strength and 168% strain at break. Plastics with the 2M urea-modification SPI also had a slow aging rate and became relative stable after 60 days, with about 10 MPa tensile strength and 72% elongation.     

生物质热解的动力学补偿效应

基于对8种中国生物质材料非等温热分解的实验结果和动力学分析，发现分别源于生物质样品变动和动力学模型变动的表现热解动力学参数，即表观活化能E和指前因子A，满足动力学补偿效应关系。详细讨论了鉴别真，假动力学补偿效应的定量统计判据。     

加速量热仪在物质热稳定性研究中的应用

加速量热仪（ARC）是一种基于绝热原理设计的热分析仪器,与其它热分析仪器相比,加速量热仪可以测量克量级的固体或高闪点液体样品,具有测试样品最大,敏感度高等特点,并能够实时记录样品放热反应过程中的温度和压力变化,以过氧化氢叔丁基为例说明加速量热仪测试结果在研究物质质变热稳定性方面的应用,得到了过氧化氢叔丁基放热分解反应的温度－时间和压力－时间关系曲线以及升温速度和压力随温度变化的曲线,通过计算和分析得到了反应系统升压速率随压力的变化曲线,计算出了过氧化氢叔丁基分解反应的动力学参数表观活化能Ea和指前因子A。     

建筑网络火灾烟气流动稳定性及其控制分析

将建筑作为一个网络整体考虑,研究分析了火灾烟气流动机理,讨论了火灾烟气的热膨胀效应、烟囱效应及室外风力对建筑网络空气和烟气流动的影响.从质量守恒定律讨论了多层建筑中和面的位置及其影响因素,指出控制多层建筑中和面的方法和途径.通过建筑网络回路能量守恒方程,讨论了烟囱效应对建筑网络风流的影响,建筑网络火灾烟气流动的稳定性及合理的烟气控制措施.     

富营养化湖泊藻华腐解产生的溶解性有机质动态变化及其环境效应

富营养化和有害藻华是湖泊面临的主要环境问题,富营养化湖泊藻华在后期会发生衰亡和腐解并产生大量藻源溶解性有机质（DOM）,影响水体DOM的质量和活性,并对关键元素的生物地球化学循环产生重要调控作用.为探究不同富营养化程度湖泊水体藻华腐解过程,对藻华腐解过程中水体DOM总量、生物有效性、相对分子质量和组分的动态变化进行分析,并探讨了藻华腐解引发的环境效应.结果表明,藻华腐解显著提高DOM浓度、生物有效性和各荧光组分强度.随着腐解的进行,DOM浓度逐渐降低,而相对分子质量逐渐增大.在分子水平上,超高分辨率质谱结果显示腐解过程中不饱和烃和脂肪族化合物优先被微生物利用,并生成木质素、缩合烃和高O/C值的单宁酸等惰性分子.藻华腐解过程中细菌群落主要优势种从变形菌门（46%）逐渐变为拟杆菌门（42%）.此外,藻华腐解还导致水体CO₂和CH₄排放显著升高1.2~5倍,且排放量可以由DOM光学指标a₂₅₄预测.该结果为全面揭示藻华腐解过程中DOM特征的动态变化,以及湖泊富营养化治理和环境效应预测提供理论依据和科学支撑.     

基于ai智能图像的工控火电现场爆炸风险评估

对工控火电现场爆炸风险进行评估时,若采用人工识别现场图片信息的方法,容易导致现场图片特征信息采集不准确,存在评估耗时长、评估效率低和评估结果不准确的问题。针对该问题,提出1种基于ai智能图像的工控火电现场爆炸风险评估方法;通过自适应融合方法提取工控火电现场ai智能图像中的特征信息,根据特征信息对工控火电现场ai智能图像进行识别;结合层次分析法和问卷调查法,选取工控火电现场爆炸风险评估指标;在图像识别结果的基础上,通过风险等级集合、评估指标权重,建立工控火电现场爆炸风险评估模型,并与另外2种工控火电现场爆炸风险评估方法进行了对比。研究结果表明:所建方法能够缩短评估时间,且评估效率较高、评估结果准确率较高。     

氯丙烯直接环氧化工艺反应物料危险性研究

为了保证利用双氧水氧化氯丙烯直接环氧化制备环氧氯丙烷新工艺的安全开发,针对此工艺涉及的混合危险物料,利用C80量热仪对混合物料热稳定性进行了测试,获得了混合物料热扫描曲线;利用AKTS软件处理得到了混合物料热特性参数和分解动力学数据,在此基础上结合HYSIS软件进行了预防气相燃爆方面的安全分析。结果表明:混合物料初始pH值为8左右,其pH值随放置时间延长而降低;混合物料TD24值为21.3℃,混合物料发生失控的可能性等级为高;混合物料中双氧水分解受温度影响较大,在30℃和60℃下,混合物料分别经过1.3 h和0.8 h就会分解释放出达到氧含量报警值的氧气。