灰色预测模型及分布活化能模型在废电路板热解中的应用

分别在管式炉反应器和热天平上对废电路板的热解行为进行实验研究。在管式炉反应器上考察了在同一升温速率（20 K/min）下不同热解终温 (400、500、600、700和800℃) 对废电路板热解产物产率的影响。在相关实验数据的基础上尝试用灰色理论及方法建立基于热解终温的废电路板热解灰色产率预测模型GM(1,1),预测结果与实验数据对比表明,该预测模型精度较高,能够较好地对不同热解终温下废电路板热解产物产率进行预测。此外,在热天平上获得的不同升温速率（10、15和20 K/min）下的热失重曲线表明,废电路板的失重速率峰随升温速率的提高逐渐向高温侧移动。采用分布活化能模型对废电路板热失重曲线进行动力学分析,获得废电路板热解活化能的变化曲线。计算结果表明,废电路板热解过程中活化能并不是单一数值,而是随失重率变化的一个函数。所得废电路板热解活化能值在140～250 kJ/mol范围内变化,当失重率在10%～60%之间,活化能值总体呈缓慢上升的趋势,但当失重率＞60%时,活化能值由155.4 kJ/mol迅速增加到244.4 kJ/mol。     

活性炭对细菌浸出线路板中金属铜的影响研究

研究了活性炭对细菌生长和浸出铜的效应影响。结果表明活性炭的添加对细菌的生长有一定的抑制作用,但这种作用随着添加量的增加而减弱。Fe3+对Cu浸出速率较快,活性炭对浸出速率有一定的促进作用,但效果不明显,且最终Cu的浸出率只达到87%。活性炭的添加增大了浸出体系中的生物量,加速了对Fe2+的氧化速率,从而保持溶液中较高的Fe3+浓度,可以提高铜的浸出速率。但这种促进作用需要较高浓度的活性炭添加量才比较明显。     

超临界CO_2流体回收线路板的试验研究

超临界CO2流体技术被应用于废旧线路板的回收研究,利用高温高压回收装置对线路板进行了回收处理,采用质谱法分析了超临界CO2流体中的固体溶质。试验结果表明,线路板中的溴化环氧树脂在处理过程中发生了O-CH2键、C(苯基)-C键以及C(苯基)-Br键的断裂,从而将其分解为了以羟基和苯基为主要官能团的小分子量物质;由此阐明了超临界CO2流体回收线路板的机理,并指出了进一步研究超临界CO2流体回收废旧线路板的重点。     

微波技术在废物处理中的应用

综述了微波在废物处理中的应用，主要介绍了微波加热的机理及特点，微波在处理放射性废物、废旧电路板、污泥、医疗垃圾、废轮胎中的应用，展望了微波技术在废物处理中的应用前景。     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌浸出线路板中铜的研究

从煤堆积水中分离得到氧化亚铁硫杆菌，利用该菌种对线路板中的铜进行了浸出实验。研究了不同线路板粉末添加量对浸出效果的影响，观察了浸出过程中pH和氧化还原电位（Eh）的变化，结果表明添加量为10g／L和20g／L时，在15d内线路板Cu几乎全部浸出，而50g／L和100g／L在15d内亦有较高的浸出效率，并呈持续上升趋势。     

电子线路板蚀刻废液中铜的回收新工艺

文章简述电子线路板蚀刻工艺中含铜酸性和碱性废液的处理回收工艺,采用本工艺回收生产饲料级硫酸铜,不仅成功地解决了该类含铜废液的达标排放问题,而且操作简单,生产的饲料级硫酸铜质量稳定、生产能耗低,其他副产物也得到回收,该工艺具有明显的社会效益、经济效益和环境效益。     

阻尼隔声板在噪声控制工程上的应用

对隔声材料的隔声功能进行了分析,根据两种以上不同质的复合材料可避开各自的阻隔波谷,能更有效地提高阻隔宽频噪声的总体性能的声学原理,提出了安装有阻尼层的隔声板,可有效提高隔声板的隔声量。     

Pyrolysis characteristics of the mixture of printed circuit board scraps and coal powder

Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and infrared spectroscopy were used to analyze the pyrolysis characteristics of printed circuit board scraps (PCBs), coal powder and their mixtures under nitrogen atmosphere. The experimental results show that there is a large difference between waste PCBs and coal powder in pyrolysis processing. The pyrolysis properties of the mixing samples are the result of interaction of the PCBs and coal powder, which is influenced by the content of mixture. The degree of pyrolysis and pyrolysis properties of the mixture are much better than that of the single component. The TG and the differential thermogravimetric (DTG) curves of the PCBs mixed with coal powder move towards the high-temperature zone with increasing amount of coal powder and subsequently the DTG peak also becomes wider. The Coats–Redfern integral method was used to determine the kinetic parameters of pyrolysis reaction mechanism with the different proportion of mixture. The gas of pyrolysis mainly composes of CO₂, CO, H₂O and some hydrocarbon. The bromide characteristic absorption peak has been detected obviously in the pyrolysis gas of PCBs. On the contrary, the absorption peak of the bromide is not obvious in pyrolysis gas of the PCBs samples adding 40% coal powder.     

电路板的大气污染物典型腐蚀分析及防护

目的 解决电路板在大气污染物环境下的腐蚀失效问题,提升电路板在大气污染环境中的适应性。方法 从器件选型角度,结合厚膜电阻和SMD LED两种电路板典型腐蚀失效案例,利用金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对腐蚀部位形貌分析,利用EDS能谱分析仪分析腐蚀元素和确定入侵路径。通过现场一年的应用对比验证,评价不同封装结构物料的抗腐蚀能力。从电路板涂覆涂层角度,利用恒定盐雾和交变盐雾对比试验,评价不同工艺参数涂层的抗腐蚀能力。结果 通过对厚膜电阻和SMD 硅胶封装LED失效样品的分析,硫元素从器件封装靠近镀银构件结构的薄弱点入侵,生成AgS,最终导致器件失效。带有抗硫化镀层的厚膜电阻和环氧树脂封装LED可以有效切断空气中硫元素的入侵路径,避免腐蚀失效发生。另一方面,通过168 h恒定盐雾和144 h交变盐雾试验结果的分析,随着涂覆厚度和材料黏度的增加,样品的抗盐雾能力得到有效提升,器件引脚位置得到更好的防护。结论 通过改变器件封装、增加涂层涂覆的厚度和材料黏度可以有效提高电路板抗大气污染物腐蚀的能力。该研究对电路板防腐蚀物料选型和涂层工艺参数选择提供了参考。     

Examining the technology acceptance for dismantling of waste printed circuit boards in light of recycling and environmental concerns

The dismantling of printed circuit board assemblies (PCBAs) and the recovery of their useful materials can lead to serious environmental impacts mainly due to their complicated physical structure and the variety of toxic elements contained in their material composition. So far, less attention has been paid to their responsible recycling compared to that of bare printed circuit boards. Combined with other materials recovery process, proper dismantling of PCBAs is beneficial to conserve scarce resources, reuse the components, and eliminate or safely dispose of hazardous materials. In analyzing the generation, resources potential and hazardous risk of scrap PCBAs, technologies used for the dismantling of waste PCBAs have been widely investigated and reviewed from the aspects of both industrial application and laboratory-scale studies. In addition, the feasibility of PCBA dismantling has been discussed, the determinants of which, including the heating conditions and mechanical properties have been identified. Moreover, this paper evaluates the environmental consequences caused by the dismantling of PCBAs.