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311.
In the summer of 2004, a video survey was carried out in the northern part of the central mud bank (Grande Vasière) of the
Bay of Biscay to study the small scale relationship between the dominant crustacean megafauna Nephrops norvegicus, Munida rugosa and Goneplax rhomboides and juvenile hake (Merluccius merluccius). Using a towed body, high-resolution videos were recorded in six sampling sites. Statistical modelling using generalised
additive models (GAM) revealed variations in activity patterns for two species. More N. norvegicus were observed outside their burrows at dawn and somewhat at dusk (no observations during night) while G. rhomboides was less observed in the morning. In addition, reduced spatial overlap between G. rhomboides and N. norvegicus suggested reduced competition for food but also space as both are burrowing species. The observed temporal and spatial activity
patterns may contribute to regulating assemblage structure as competing species may be actively foraging at different times
and locations thus reducing direct competition. 相似文献
312.
Véronique Thériault Louis Bernatchez Julian J. Dodson 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,62(1):51-65
Salmonids are known for the occurrence in sympatry of two life-history forms, one that undergoes migration to sea before returning
to freshwater to reproduce (anadromous) and one that inhabits freshwater without a migration phase (resident). Whereas one
breeding population is often suggested by population genetic studies, mating patterns have rarely been directly assessed,
especially when both sexes are found within each life-history form. By using highly polymorphic microsatellite loci and parentage
analysis in a natural population of sympatric anadromous and resident brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis), we found that gene flow occurred between the two forms and was mediated by resident males mating with both resident and
anadromous females. Determinants of reproductive success, estimated by the number of surviving juveniles (ages 1 and 2 years),
differed between the sexes. No strong evidence of the influence of size on individual reproductive success was found for males,
whereas larger females (and hence most likely to be anadromous) were more successful. The higher individual reproductive success
of anadromous fish compared to residents was mainly explained by this higher reproductive success of anadromous females. We
suggest that resident males adopt a “sneaking” reproductive tactic as a way of increasing their reproductive success by mating
with females of all sizes in all habitats. The persistence of the resident tactic among females may be linked to their advantage
in accessing spatially constrained spawning areas in small tributary streams unavailable to larger females. 相似文献
313.
Shifts in the spatio-temporal growth dynamics of shortleaf pine 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Previous studies focusing on the growth history of Pinus echinata at the edge of its geographical range have suggested that changes in growth correspond to climatic and non-climatic (e.g.,
anthropogenic) factors. We employ a regime-dependent state-space model that allows us to detect and characterize the changes
in tree growth dynamics over space and time using readily available dendrochronological and climatic data in the presence
of various sources of uncertainty. We utilize methods common in atmospheric sciences but relatively unknown in ecology and
forestry to develop a hierarchical model for tree growth and describe the growth dynamics. The utility of such methods for
addressing ecological problems will grow as more high dimensional spatio-temporal processes are considered and datasets become
more readily available. 相似文献
314.
利用分布类型和聚集强度指数对山东主产区赤松种群的空间分布型及强度进行了初步研究,结果表明:鲁东丘陵区的赤松种群生林一般表现为负二项分布和奈曼分布,鲁中南山地丘陵区的人工林则呈现均匀分布;在赤松种群不同发育阶段,出现了由幼苗→幼树→大中树扩散态势的一般规律,但鲁东丘陵区次生林由于受人为、虫害等因素的影响,其分布类型和聚散态势呈明显的多样化,鲁中南山地丘陵区人工林则表现为聚集→扩散的独特态势。 相似文献
315.
316.
不同土地利用类型下土壤特性及重金属评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在哈尔滨市周家镇选择典型的五种土地利用类型(耕地、居民点及工矿用地、交通用地、林地、水域),24个样品,研究乡级小城镇不同土地利用类型下土壤特性及重金属状况.结果显示:(1)耕地的土壤理化性状最低,有机质与全氮有显著的正相关;(2)乡级小城镇不同土地利用类型下土壤中Zn、Pb含量存在显著差异,交通用地与耕地含量较高,同时各土地利用类型的内梅罗综合污染指数均达到中污染;(3)人类活动对土壤质量影响最大的是交通活动,其次是耕地施肥、使用农药及翻耕等,在次是居民生活. 相似文献
317.
318.
Kondrashov VV Reshetin VP Regens JL Gunter JT 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2002,9(5):333-336
Urbanization typically involves a continuous increase in motor vehicle use, resulting in congestion known as traffic jams. Idling emissions due to traffic jams combine with the complex terrain created by buildings to concentrate atmospheric pollutants in localized areas. This research simulates emissions concentrations and distributions for a congested street in Minsk, Belarus. Ground-level (up to 50-meters above the street's surface) pollutant concentrations were calculated using STAR (version 3.10) with emission factors obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, wind speed and direction, and building location and size. Relative emissions concentrations and distributions were simulated at 1-meter and 10-meters above street level. The findings demonstrate the importance of wind speed and direction, and building size and location on emissions concentrations and distributions, with the leeward sides of buildings retaining up to 99 percent of the emitted pollutants within 1-meter of street level, and up to 77 percent 10-meters above the street. 相似文献
319.
合肥市典型交通干道大气苯系物的特征分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为研究合肥市交通干道大气苯系物污染状况,采用自主研制的差分吸收光谱(DOAS)系统,于2016年3月期间对合肥市交通主干道大气苯系物(苯、甲苯、间二甲苯和邻二甲苯)以及常规污染物NO_2、SO_2等进行了连续观测.观测结果显示,观测期间苯、甲苯、间二甲苯和邻二甲苯的平均浓度分别为:21.7、63.6、33.9和98.7μg·m~(-3).与国内外其它城市比较显示,合肥市交通干道大气苯和甲苯的污染处于中等水平,二甲苯的污染较为严重.结合观测期的间风速风向、T/B特征比值以及与CO等污染物的相关性,对上述苯系物来源进行了分析,结果显示观测期间T/B值为0.8~4.5,苯、甲苯与CO的相关性系数R分别为0.55和0.34.表明机动车尾气排放是观测区域苯和甲苯的主要排放源之一,同时也受到周边工业园区排放的影响,二甲苯的主要排放源为观测地点北偏东方向的涂料行业工业园区.苯和甲苯的夜间高浓度峰值分析结果表明,夜间的高浓度苯和甲苯可能主要来源于观测地点周边工业园区的排放.观测区域苯系物的臭氧生成潜势(OFP)表现为邻二甲苯间二甲苯甲苯苯,其中二甲苯的OFP占总OFP的85%,表明周边工业园区的排放对该地区臭氧生成的贡献较大. 相似文献
320.
构建了一个包含交通转盘、隧道、高架桥和下沉式公交站的立体交通几何模型,建立了该系统中流体流动与污染物传播的耦合数学模型,数值分析了环境风变化时,该系统中流体流动与气态污染物的传播规律.结果表明,环境风向的变化直接改变了公交站区域流体的流向途径,在公交站区域;北风时的平均污染物浓度是西风时的3.5倍,而在转盘中央区域,北风时平均污染物浓度是西风时的5倍.西风时,环境风速从0.5m/s增加到3.5m/s,东侧公交站区域的平均污染物浓度减少95.21%;交通隧道内,环境风速的增加使空气流通速度增加,污染物浓度迅速降低. 相似文献