不同模式预测公路交通噪声的区别研究

文章在详细介绍常见公路交通噪声预测模式区别的同时,进行了不同公路项目的设定,对高速公路、一级公路、二级公路、三级公路、四级公路项目分别采用了上述预测模式进行预测,通过不同预测模式下不同公路项目交通噪声的对比、分析,得出"对于一般公路项目,适合在对车速、车型比等参数进行合理校核的基础上,采用HJ/T 2.4-2009中推荐模式进行预测;其它项目,适合通过类比同类项目的交通噪声影响的方法进行预测"的结论。由于本文采用的模式均为行业内认可的模式,其预测结果及表现特点有助于准确地反映和预测公路交通噪声。     

植被重建下煤矿排土场土壤熟化过程中碳储量变化

植被重建是治理因露天煤矿的开采而形成的大面积排土场行之有效的措施,了解植被重建模式对排土场土壤有机碳(SOC)储量的影响是筛选植被治理措施的重要因子.在内蒙古准格尔旗黑岱沟露天煤矿,选取15 a治理排土场中5种植被重建模式(自然恢复地、草地、灌木林、乔灌混交林、乔木林),16种植被配置类型,采集土壤剖面(0~100 cm)样品408个,研究不同重建模式下SOC储量的变化.结果表明:1治理排土场植被重建模式显著影响剖面SOC含量与分布(P<0.05),表层0~10 cm SOC呈草地>灌木>乔木>乔灌混交林>自然恢复地;全氮(TN)也呈相似的变化特征.2植被配置类型中,苜蓿地0~10 cm的SOC含量(5.71 g·kg-1)和TN含量(0.49 g·kg-1)均最高,比自然恢复地分别高166.7%和171.3%,且是沙棘、紫穗槐+油松、香花槐的两倍左右.3植被重建对SOC影响深度主要集中在0~20 cm,而对TN的影响可达40 cm.4与新建排土场相比,植被重建后,草地、灌木地和乔木地0~100 cm碳储量分别增加了15.47、6.93和6.95 t·hm-2,但仅相当于原地貌水平的2/3、1/2和1/2.植被重建表现出碳汇效应和巨大的固碳能力.从土壤固碳的角度考虑,建议植被重建模式以草地为主,植被类型优先考虑苜蓿.     

Risk factors in urban road traffic accidents

INTRODUCTION: The urban road traffic accident (RTA) risks for the city of Zagreb, Croatia, from 1999 through 2000 were analyzed with the aim of reducing the increasing injury incidence. METHOD: Simple and bivariate analysis using chi(2), odds ratio, and confidence interval of 95% was used to determine risks in three outcome groups: killed, severely, and mildly injured. RESULTS: There were 528 RTA victims consisting of 260 severely, 213 mildly injured, and 55 killed at the scene of an accident and during transportation. More fatal accidents occurred during night hours (OR=3.78; 95% CI, 2.08-6.85), on urban road links (OR=2.33; 95% CI, 1.30-4.19), and at exceeding speed limit (OR=2.56; 95% CI, 1.43-4.61). More people were injured than killed on urban junctions (OR=5.27; 95% CI, 2.21-12.57). The highest combined risk of dying or being severely injured was found in males, driving at excessive speed, on urban links, and during bad visibility (OR=16.15; 95% CI, 3.901-66.881). CONCLUSION: These results will influence the urban traffic police enforcement measures, which will change inappropriate behavior of drivers and protect the least experienced road users.     

石化企业突发性环境污染事故的应急监测

介绍了在石化企业突发性环境污染事故应急监测中,如何进行布点、采样、确定监测项目、选择检测方法、数据处理和编制监测报告.提出企业应根据生产过程中的原料和产出物的毒理性质,建立相应的数据库.企业应组建应急监测队伍,配备必要的监测仪器,定期组织应急演练.     

一起硫酸槽罐爆炸事故的直接原因分析

针对一起硫酸槽罐爆炸事故，在事故现场勘查资料以及其他有关资料分析的基础上，采用故障树定性分析了硫酸中间槽罐爆炸事故的直接原因，并对稀硫酸的成因进行了定性分析，得出了事故直接原因分析结论，总结了应该吸取的经验教训。     

Validation of Urban Emission Inventories

Two emission validation methods are presented. The first method focuses on the precision of the emission factors and the accuracy of modelled traffic flows. Emission factors derived from the COPERT II methodology are compared with on-board emission measurements and modelled traffic flow rates are compared with observations. The second validation method focuses on the completeness of the inventory, i.e. coverage of all sources. The method compares measured pollutant fluxes in the urban plume with the downwind transported and dispersed emissions integrated over plume width and mixing height. Both methods seem to indicate that traffic emission factors used in the urban emission inventories show large uncertainties. Besides the lack of measurement precision this is mainly induced by external influence factors like driving behaviour and vehicle maintenance.     

企业突发职业中毒事故应急物资准备研究

应急物资准备是突发职业中毒事故应急救援成功的关键因素。而我国企业目前普遍存在应急物资和资源配备不足、应急救援装备落后、老化等现象,这严重影响了突发职业中毒事故应急救援工作的有效开展。为在突发事件发生时能快速响应,企业必须做好应急物资准备工作。国家也应根据应急工作的特点,结合法律法规方面有关问题进行规定,以便从制度化、标准化方面入手,指导和进一步规范企业进行应急资源的配备。该文根据企业应急物资准备中存在的主要问题,提出了企业在充分危险评估的基础上,科学合理进行应急物资准备。国家也应不断完善并制订相应的应急资源准备标准,以指导和加强企业突发职业中毒事故应急救援物资的准备。     

交通安全技术研究的范围与发展趋势

概括地分析了影响道路交通安全的因素,论述了交通安全技术研究的范围及世纪之交交通安全技术发展趋势,并指出未来交通事故的严峻性。     

有毒物质毒性效应数据库在化学灾害性事故中的作用

介绍了国内外主要的有毒物质毒性效应数据库,其中包括英国DESCNET系统,美国化学信息网(CSIN)和化学物质毒性效应登记(RTECS),联合国环境规划署的潜在有毒化学品国际登记中心(IRPTC),匈牙利生物活性天然产物数据库(BNPD),中国国家有毒化学品基础数据库(NRPTC),中国防化研究院的化学毒物数据库(CTDB),化工部化工毒物咨询中心(CTSIS),中国预防医学科学院有毒化学品资料数据检索和咨询系统,中科院生态环境研究中心三致效应数据库。评述了各数据库的数据源、数据覆盖范围、数据的运行环境和检索方式等。     

EFFECTS OF WATER DRAWDOWN ON THE FAUNA IN SMALL COLD WATER RESERVOIRS1

ABSTRACT: Two small cold water reservoirs with stable water levels were compared with two reservoirs scheduled for complete drawdown to determine the effects of drawdown on invertebrate abundance and fish abundance and density. An extensive literature review supplemented the results with other applicable information. No conclusive evidence of effects of drawdown on invertebrates or fish was found. Characteristics of a reservoir and its drainage basin which obscure or lessen drawdown effects are discussed. Analysis and observation of drawdown procedures showed that duration and scheduling of draw-down periods are important in determining whether drawdown will be harmful to fauna in a given reservoir.