Is legislation a barrier to the sustainable management of game species? A case study of wild deer in Britain

Wild game management for hunting in Western society has become increasingly complex as stakeholders have multiplied and as ‘sustainability’ influences the contemporary debate. This paper questions whether the current legal framework for game management, which has evolved from early European civilisations to focus on ‘hunting rights’, is relevant to regulate the contemporary environmental, social and economic dimensions of wild game and their management. Employing a narrative analysis to focus on deer, the study identifies key legislative tenets and highlights the pertinence of historical laws to contemporary conflicts. The analysis suggests that current legislation is increasingly divergent from contemporary trends and has created inertia with respect to sustainable deer management. The paper offers four options to redress this: state intervention; voluntary collaboration; financial incentives; and establishing a legal responsibility for management. It is concluded that significant innovation is required in one or more of these four areas to facilitate the contemporary sustainable management of wild deer in Britain.     

齐40蒸汽驱区块井下作业污染防治措施研究与应用

针对齐40蒸汽驱区块井下作业,通过分析起下作业、维修设备等过程产生的污染物来源及类型,从工艺及设备方面提出了不同防污染措施,如:井下泄油处理措施、起抽油杆防污染措施、起油管防污染措施、防井喷污染措施、设备污染防止措施。在现场应用取得一定效果。     

小龙潭电厂循环流化床锅炉运行评述

阐述了国电小龙潭发电厂1025t／h循环流化床（CFB）锅炉燃用褐煤的优势,并结合系统调试、运行过程中发现的问题,提出解决措施。     

A tale of two cities: restoring water services in Kabul and Monrovia

Kabul and Monrovia, the respective capitals of Afghanistan and Liberia, have recently emerged from long-lasting armed conflicts. In both cities, a large number of organisations took part in emergency water supply provision and later in the rehabilitation of water systems. Based on field research, this paper establishes a parallel between the operations carried out in the two settings, highlighting similarities and analysing the two most common strategies. The first strategy involves international financial institutions, which fund large-scale projects focusing on infrastructural rehabilitation and on the institutional development of the water utility, sometimes envisaging private-sector participation. The second strategy involves humanitarian agencies, which run community-based projects, in most cases independently of the water utilities, and targeting low-income areas. Neither of these approaches manages to combine sustainability and universal service. The paper assesses their respective strengths and weaknesses and suggests ways of improving the quality of assistance provided.     

高速铁路动车组列车的噪声特性

测量了车速达250 km/h的高速铁路动车组列车不同距离、不同高度处的噪声,分析了其时间、频谱及空间分布特性,并与普通客运列车比较.结果表明,动车组列车噪声表现为较强的脉冲性,频谱较宽,为2 500 Hz内的宽频噪声,200 Hz以下的低频成分很强;不同高度处最大声压级随距离的衰减规律基本类似,但不同高度处频谱不同.     

中国省域物流作业的CO2排放量测评及低碳化对策研究

物流活动是主要碳排放源之一,是温室气体减排、缓解气候变化的重要领域,从省域层面对我国物流作业的碳排放量进行核算和比较分析,对于从宏观上掌控各省域物流作业碳排放量及省域物流作业节能减排目标确定具有重要的意义.本文首先给出了省域物流作业CO2排放量测量模型,测算了不同能源的CO2排放因子及排放系数.然后,以物流作业直接能耗法核算我国各省域2008年物流作业的CO2排放指标,包括各省域的CO2排放量和单位货物周转CO2排放置,对比分析发现:我国省域之间物流活动产生的CO2排放量存在着地域不平衡性,CO2排放量中东部大部分省域要高于西部省域,而单位货物周转CO2排放置西部大部分省域要高于中东部省域.最后,根据物流作业的特点,分别从发展低碳运输、探索物流作业的技术性减碳方法、实行精细化物流作业管理、建立完善的节能减排考核与激励约束机制、制定低碳物流作业标准与打造低碳物流示范企业等五个主要的方面,阐述了我国物流作业的低碳化对策,以期促进我国低碳物流的发展.     

一种新型的灾害救助撤离路线分析方法——基于混合空间数据的研究

灾害应急响应业务常面临数据不完备、应急措施适时性强等问题,要求所实现的应急响应方法灵活程度高,易于操作。以灾害救助撤离路线分析为例,探讨了如何通过混合数据的使用达到降低数据准备难度的目的,通过栅格空间分析的使用达到简化分析过程的目的,通过模型的设计实现达到方便业务功能集成更新的目的。设计并实现了路线分析的技术流程;基于重用思想定义业务模型,应用组件对象模型技术对路线分析方法进行了封装。所实现的业务模型证实了技术流程的有效性,具有较高运行效率。     

Social network characteristics and resource access among formerly displaced households in Lira,Uganda

In rural African communities, the support of extended family, friends, and neighbours is essential in borrowing or leveraging land, labour, food, and money, especially at times of social and financial turmoil. Little is known, though, about the nature of the networks and the conditions under which they may generate greater support in post‐conflict communities. This study, conducted in the Lira district of northern Uganda, examined the composition, proximity, and size of the networks that households utilise to gain access to resources during and after resettlement. Network structures with more kin and co‐resident ties were found to offer greater resource access to households in post‐conflict settings. Furthermore, there was a lack of meaningful linkages outside of a person's own village, especially with regard to households whose head has no or a low level of education. These findings enhance understanding of the specific role of relationships in social support for resource access among households in post‐conflict communities.     

政府环保类引导基金的运行管理模式研究

本文基于国内已有的相关政府引导基金和环保基金的运行管理模式,经分析和比较提出适合中央和地方层面环保类引导基金的运行管理模式。除了要符合基金运作的一般规律,本文认为中央层面设立政府环保类引导基金适合契约制形式,引导基金内只有中央财政出资,按照母基金参股子基金的方式来运作,同时达到撬动社会资本和引入先进基金管理公司的目的;地方层面设立相应基金适合采用有限合伙制形式,直接吸引社会资本与政府共同建立引导基金,投资方式以直接投资为主、参股子基金为辅,可以发挥金融机构的融资优势和环保类专业机构的技术和经验优势。     

贵州省已建城镇污水处理厂建设及运行状况

"十一五"期间,贵州省开展了大规模的城镇污水处理厂建设,主要采用了以氧化沟、A/O工艺和SBR及改良工艺等具有脱氮除磷功能、技术成熟的工艺,建设规模多在0.5万m3/d以下,单位平均建设投资4 069.75元/m3,单位综合能耗平均0.35 k Wh/m3,单位平均药耗0.41 g/m3,单位运行成本多在0.60元/m3以上,污水平均处理率82.01%,平均处理负荷率73.19%,处理出水基本达到城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB18918-2002)一级B标准的要求,取得了较好的减排效果,但部分污水处理厂存在工艺技术的匹配性等问题,建议"十二五"期间加强已建污水处理厂工艺技术和设施的改造升级。