硫氮比对厌氧生物同步脱氮除硫工艺性能的影响

研究了硫氮摩尔比对厌氧生物同步脱氮除硫工艺高效性、稳定性和选择性的影响.单质硫型厌氧生物同步脱氮除硫反应(硫氮摩尔比为5:2)的硫化物和硝酸盐容积去除速率高达4.86 kg·m-3.d-1和0.99 kg·m-3.d-1工艺效能明显高于混合型和硫酸盐型(硫氮摩尔比分别为5:5和5:8).单质硫型厌氧生物同步脱氮除硫反应各项出水指标的波动相对较小,但当进水硫化物浓度超过临界值时,工效失稳,其主要原因是pH无法维持在所需范围.在所试的3种进水硫氮摩尔比下,实际反应的硫氮摩尔比有靠拢5:2的趋势.将硫氮摩尔比调控在较高水平(硫氮摩尔比为5:2),可提高同步厌氧生物同步脱氮除硫反应对单质硫和氮气的选择性.对不同硫氮比时反应物之间的电子得失情况进行了分析.     

美国加州南岸地区空气质量预报系统运行管理与借鉴

借鉴美国加州南岸空气质量预报经验,特别是其运行管理模式对于现阶段中国城市环境空气质量预测预报具有极高的参考价值。简要介绍了加州南岸空气质量管理局(SCAQMD)空气质量预报业务流程、技术方法、信息发布方式和预报效果评估策略。建议从4个方面借鉴SCAQMD经验:(1)建立相对完善的空气质量预报体系,分层级自上而下指导预报工作;(2)选择合适的空气质量预报方法,综合统筹成本-效益评估工作;(3)评估预报效果进而提高预报准确率;(4)在优化空气质量预报能力的基础上,有序开展预警协同控制工作。     

生物过滤系统处理恶臭技术

生物过滤系统是处理恶臭的有效工艺,本文介绍了可生物降解的恶臭气体种类、来源、生物过滤系统的历史与研究现状、生物过滤系统的设计与运行操作、填料的开发与选择。表明生物过滤系统在我国有广泛的应用前景。     

珠江实污染物总量控制的意义及运作机制

实施水污染物总量控制是改善水环境质量的重要措施,在环境管理工作中将发挥巨大作用。本文通过分析珠江流域实施污染物总量控制的重要意义及其运作机制,为珠江水资源保护管理提供了一定的参考。     

高浓度4-氯酚在中空纤维聚砜膜固定化细菌反应器中的共代谢降解研究

悬浮生长的Pseudomonas putida菌可以苯酚为生长基质,通过该细菌的共代谢过程将4-氯酚降解.当苯酚和4-氯酚的浓度达到120 mg/L和600 mg/L时,由于基质对细菌的抑制作用,该共代谢过程难以进行,细菌不能生长.通过对细菌在中空纤维膜反应器中固定化,细菌可以降解高浓度的四氯苯酚,即使当苯酚和4-氯酚浓度为200 mg/L和1 000 mg/L时,利用此中空纤维膜固定化细菌反应器仍可在34 h内都能将其完全降解.与悬浮生长降解菌不同,由于基质在中空纤维膜中质量传递的受限,固定化后的细菌受到中空纤维膜的保护,从而得以生长并降解高浓度的基质.     

浅析直升机的外场腐蚀防护

目的为加强和改进直升机腐蚀防护工作提供依据。方法通过X1和X2系列直升机的典型腐蚀案例,对直升机腐蚀原因及危害性进行分析。结果由于使用环境恶劣等原因,现役X1和X2系列直升机普遍存在腐蚀问题,已成为严重影响直升机使用维护、经济修理和飞行安全的关键因素。结论从外场防腐改进、腐蚀检测、定期冲洗去除直升机表面腐蚀性污染物、防腐涂层的保护和修复、先进的防腐技术的应用、单机腐蚀监控等方面提出了直升机外场腐蚀防护的措施。     

化工企业无组织排放废气的危害与防治

论述了化工企业无组织废气的来源、危害、处理方法和防治措施等。     

Conspecific threat,predation avoidance,and resource defense: implications for grouping in langurs

Data on langur (Presbytis entellus) populations were gathered from the literature to test the importance of three selective pressures in determining group size and composition: predation pressure, intergroup resource defense, and conspecific threat. There were no detectable difference in the size of groups in populations facing nearly intact predator communities compared to those populations where predators were severely reduced in number or absent, although there was a trend for the number of adult males per group to increase in areas with nearly intact predator communities. Using population density as an indirect measure of the frequency of intrusions into a group’s home range and thereby as an index of the demographic pressure favoring resource defense, we predicted that higher densities would result in larger defensive coalitions and higher numbers of females per group. This prediction was not upheld. Our third selective pressure, conspecific threat, encompasses those selective forces resulting from physical attack on females, infants, and juveniles. Our index of conspecific threat uses the number of non-group males divided by the number of bisexual groups, because in langurs, the major source of conspecific threat derives from non-group males who, following group take-over, kill infants, wound females, and expel juveniles from groups. This index of conspecific threat was strongly related to the mean number of resident females, was weakly related to the mean group size, but was not related to the number of males in the group. In addition, as predicted, populations with a high index of conspecific threat had higher levels of juvenile expulsion. These analyses were corroborated by a simulation model which used a computer-generated series of null populations to calculate expected slopes of immatures regressed on adult females. These randomly generated populations, matched to means and ranges of real populations, allowed us to determine if deviations of the observed slopes from the expected null slopes could be explained by variation in predation pressure, population density, or conspecific threat. We found no evidence that predation pressure was associated with decreases in immature survival in smaller groups, as would be predicted by the predation-avoidance hypothesis. We found no evidence that immature survival was compromised by small group size in high-density populations, as would be predicted by the resource-defense hypothesis. However, as the index of conspecific threat increased, groups with larger numbers of females were more successful than groups with fewer females in reducing mortality or expulsion of immatures. Overall, conspecific threat received the strongest support as a selective pressure influencing langur group size and composition, suggesting that this selective pressure should be evaluated more widely as a factor influencing composition of animal groups. Received: 23 January 1995/Accepted after revision: 18 February 1996     

优化精馏操作 实现清洁生产

简述了低污染甲醇精馏优化操作控制技术，在江氨公司的应用及取得的效果。     

转炉炼钢留渣操作安全技术

介绍了转炉炼钢留渣操作在兑铁时引起喷溅的危害及留渣操作的很多优点和可观的经济效益。为此,东北大学安全工程系研制了兑铁防喷溅剂,使用后取得了良好效果。