基于GIS的铁路行车事故救援系统研究

笔者扼要探讨了构建基于GIS的铁路行车事故救援系统的相关理论和方法 ,提出了该系统的设计目标、功能结构、体系结构以及空间数据库设计的简要准则和空间数据的输入方法。笔者还介绍了结合实际科研项目 ,开发的大秦线事故救援辅助决策支持系统。该系统具有以下几方面的特点 :在以工务信息为主体的基础上 ,实现了车、机、工、电、辆各部门主要业务信息以及事故救援预案信息的初步整合 ;实现了线路录像按里程点播以及录像与线路设备综合图的联动 ;实现了事故救援的辅助决策支持 ,提供了一个可以扩展的理想平台。     

运行旅客列车隧道火灾模拟实验研究

笔者以相似理论为依据 ,以旅客列车卧铺车厢 1∶5的模型为研究对象 ,利用燃烧风洞提供的流场模拟列车在隧道中运行的速度场 ,在车厢模型中加入等比例的火灾载荷 ,进行了旅客列车隧道火灾模拟实验。研究了不同列车运行速度、不同列车火灾载荷、不同火源位置以及旅客卧铺车厢的不同状况下旅客列车火灾特征及火灾中烟气蔓延规律 ,提出了满足火灾救援和旅客疏散的要求 ,为隧道方案设计提供了可信的技术依据     

A survey of forest workers in New Zealand. Do hours of work, rest, and recovery play a role in accidents and injury?

PROBLEM: A number of structural and organizational changes have occurred recently within the New Zealand Forestry Industry, with concerns being raised about the impact of these changes on the forestry worker in terms of fatigue, sleepiness, and compromised safety. This study explored the relationship of fatigue, and some of its key determinants, with accidents and injuries in a group of forestry industry workers in New Zealand. METHOD: A total of 367 forestry workers responded to a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: Fatigue was found to be commonly experienced at work in the forest, with 78% of workers reporting that they experienced fatigue at least "sometimes." This study found that certain groups of workers reported long working hours, reduced sleep, compromised recovery time, and intensely paced work. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that recent sleep, number of breaks taken during the workday, and specific job/tasks were independently associated with reporting of high fatigue levels at work. Near-miss injury events were significantly more common among those reporting a high level of fatigue at work. Accidents and lost-time injury were associated with length of time at work, ethnicity, and having had near-miss injury events. DISCUSSION: Together, these results suggest that fatigue and aspects of work organization, which are likely to be fatiguing, may be associated with compromised safety for forest workers. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: With an already slim margin of error present in forest operations, an impairment due to increased fatigue may constitute a significant risk factor for accidents and injuries in this workforce. The results indicate the need for further examination of shift and workload management among forestry workers, as well as a role for improving industry awareness about the causes and consequences of fatigue.     

WHAT DO WE MEAN BY “METROPOLITAN WATER MANAGEMENT INSTITUTIONS?”1

ABSTRACT The term “institution” and several variants are used frequently in the literature on metropolitan water management. The state-of-the art investigation on which this paper is based revealed that 1) many uses of the term do not include careful definitions; 2) many users of the term seemed unaware of the general, theoretical literature on the subject of institutions; 3) there was little consistency among uses, either in the practical literature dealing with water or in the conceptual literature dealing with theories of institutions or institutionalization; 4) some usages were without significant meaning; 5) in many cases the term was used as a kind of “black box” to account for behavioral, societal, or managerial factors; 6) the term was often used as a synonym for “organization”. This latter use is frequently found in federal reports, including National Water Commission studies, and is most unfortunate because it tends to slight significant social-psychological factors. A suggested definition is: “An institution is the structured result or outcome of a process by which values are articulated, arranged, and communicated, having continuity over time, and influencing behavior of persons who did not necessarily participate in formulating those values (norms).”     

耕地对农民的效用考察及耕地功能分析

对湖南省长沙市所辖三县一市农民的问卷调查及其统计分析结果显示，耕地对于农民的效用主要表现在三个方面：社会保障，就业与直接经济收益。现行的家庭联产承包责任制体现了“成员权”而强化了耕地的社会承载功能，考虑到我国农村社会保障基本空白的现实及提高耕地生产效率的需要，现阶段我国的农地制度选择应该是：在稳定家庭承包经营制度的基础上建立规范的农地经营权流转制度，并同时辅之以农村社会保障机制和社会公平机制的建立，耕地功能分析，农地经营制度。     

A DECISION SUPPORT TOOL FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF MULTI‐RESERVOIR SYSTEMS1

ABSTRACT: A decision support tool is developed for the management of water resources, focusing on multipurpose reservoir systems. This software tool has been designed in such a way that it can be suitable to hydrosystems with multiple water uses and operating goals, calculating complex multi‐reservoir systems as a whole. The mathematical framework is based on the parameterization‐simulation‐optimization scheme. The main idea consists of a parametric formulation of the operating rules for reservoirs and other projects (i.e., hydropower plants). This methodology enables the radical decrease of the number of decision variables, making feasible the location of the optimal management policy, which maximizes the system yield and the overall operational benefit and minimizes the risk for the management decisions. The program was developed using advanced software engineering techniques. It is adaptable in a wide range of water resources systems, and its purpose is to support water and power supply companies and related authorities. It already has been applied to two of the most complicated hydrosystems of Greece, the first time as a planning tool and the second time as a management tool.     

论自然保护区野外作业中的不测事件与对策

作者以自己的工作经历、切身体会及悲惨遭遇,从多方面论述了自然保护区野外工作中可能发生的各种不测事件,并提出了应急对策。     

青藏铁路行车安全保障信息系统研究

分析了影响青藏铁路行车安全的主要因素 ,基于青藏铁路“快速通过高原 ,减少站点布局 ,减少定员 ,减少劳动强度”的原则 ,提出了建设青藏铁路行车安全保障信息系统的总体设计思想 ,并根据青藏铁路站点分布和自然条件情况 ,提出了青藏铁路行车安全保障信息系统及其各子系统的初步设计方案。利用现代化的传感技术、自动检测技术 ,自动采集设备的运行状态信息及环境因素信息 ,并应用先进的信息处理技术和计算机网络传输技术 ,将各种安全信息传送至调度中心和维修部门 ,实现行车事故的预测与预防     

以人为本 提高安全监察工作水平

本文从安全监察人员的政治觉悟、职业道德、知识结构、政策与法律水平等六个方面论述了如何提高安全监察人员的素质，并阐明了强化安全监察机构队伍和制度的建设。     

农业产业走向市场的成功之路—镇江产加销一条龙,贸工农一体化经营的调查

镇江市不断深化农业经营机制改革，大力发展产加销一条龙，贸工农一体化经营，把一家一户农民家庭小生产同国内外大市场有机联系起来，提高了农民的组织程度和专业化生产水平，协调了一二三产业间经济利益，建立了新的经济关系的优质，高产，高效，高创汇的市场产农业及新型组织管理体系，加快了农业生产社会化，产业化，市场化，现代化进程，使农业产业走向市场迈出了可喜的一步。