手动单兵海水淡化器的制淡实验研究

文章采用DB-Ⅰ型手动单兵海水淡化器对实验室配制盐水与几种实际海水进行脱盐实验,结果表明:盐水的含盐量与温度是影响操作压力、淡水量及水质的主要因素。盐水的含盐量越大,操作压力就越大,淡水的含盐量也越高;盐水的温度越低,淡水的含盐量也越低,但操作压力反而越大。从盐水的含盐量与温度对淡水量的影响来看,含盐量1%～4%的只相差0.3%,10～35℃时约相差7%;通过膜法一级反渗透即可获取符合GB5749-2006标准的饮用水。     

广东省供销社系统再生资源经营管理模式探索

再生资源回收利用是循环经济的重要组成部分,我国供销社紧抓再生资源经营不放松,经历了由计划经济体制到市场经济体制的转变,重新在再生资源经营市场企稳了脚跟,已成为我国发展循环经济的生力军,并将发挥日益重要的作用。广东省供销社系统在率先改革开放的划时代背景下,解放思想,大胆探索,勇于实践,因地制宜,积极开展新的再生资源经营管理实践,开创了再生资源经营管理新局面。通过实地调研,总结归纳提炼出了广东省供销社系统再生资源经营管理5种模式,对我国供销社系统的发展和我国循环经济的推进有着一定的借鉴作用。     

电控封堵工具在修井作业环保施工中的应用

为解决油田注水井修井作业起下管柱施工时由于井底高压造成的油管溢流喷溅问题,研制了专门用于封堵井下管柱的电控式封堵工具,在作业施工前通过测试电缆下到指定封堵位置,地面计算机发布命令进行封堵、锚定并实现丢手,达到封堵油管溢流的目的。通过反复的现场验证,证明该工具封堵可靠、效率高,方便推广应用,可为实现环保作业提供技术支撑。     

既有建筑节能改造市场动力机制研究概况

从系统整体出发,基于既有建筑节能改造市场发展研究全面规划视角,架构了总括、ESCO驱动力作用机理、政府作用力实施机理、总结四大模块、两大篇共10章的层次体系。结果发现:ESCO驱动力以作用效益为导向,以运行实践与行为规律、作用影响机理、ESCO驱动策略、效益评价与优化策略为核心要素,是内在动力;政府作用力以有效性为基准,以运行特征与政府行为、影响机理与博弈策略、实施影响机理与有效性评价、实施策略为核心要素,是外在动力。在揭示既有建筑节能改造市场动力机制的基础上,提出未来研究发展趋势。     

一次低纬高原暖区暴雨对流系统演变及边界层触发

利用高空和地面区域站、FY2G卫星TBB、昆明C波段多普勒雷达、闪电观测资料和NCEP/NCAR1° ×1°再分析资料,分析了2017年7月12-13日云南副高外围暖区暴雨对流系统演变特征及边界层触发成因.结果表明,滇东中部和滇中中部暴雨,12日08:00以锋面降水为主,14:00后以暖区降水为主;环境场具有弱垂直风切...     

论流域管理

流域管理被认为是对水资源管理的重要方式。文章探讨了流域及流域管理的定义,从制度经济学角度建立了实施流域管理的理论基础,探讨了流域管理机制、体制和交易成本,和中国的流域管理。文章认为,流域是一个由于水的关系而形成的自然地理单元,但流域管理是对由于水的关系而形成的地理单元上的各种经济和社会活动的管理。实行流域管理是出于解决问题的需要：流域管理在区域以上的流域层次增加了一层信息处理和交流的机制。不同的外部制度环境和内部问题,可能导致流域管理机制和模式的不同,导致不同的流域管理组织,如流域理事会、流域委员会和流域管理局等。在流域管理制度的设计中,制度成本是决定组织的重要影响因素,也是决定流域管理成败的关键因素。我国的流域水资源管理具有独特的特点,特别是在管理机构的设置和职能安排上。     

Carrousel氧化沟处理工业和生活混合污水的应用

昌邑城西污水处理厂根据工业和生活混合污水的水质特点及进水量,选用Carrousel氧化沟处理工艺,并在氧化沟前增设厌氧池和缺氧池,提高脱氮除磷的效果。工程调试及运行的实践表明,该工艺运行稳定且处理效果好,出水水质达到GB18918-2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的二级标准。     

The effect of repeated vibration signals on worker behavior in established and newly founded colonies of the honey bee, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Apis mellifera</Emphasis>

Communication signals used in animal social interactions are frequently performed repetitively, but the function of this repetition is often not well understood. We examined the effects of signal repetition by investigating the behavior of worker honey bees that received differing numbers of vibration signals in established and newly founded colonies, which could use signal repetition differently to help adjust task allocations to the labor demands associated with the different stages of colony development. In both colony types, more than half of all monitored workers received more than one vibration signal, and approximately 12% received ≥5 signals during a given 20-min observation period. Vibrated recipients exhibited greater activity and task performance than same-age non-vibrated controls at all levels of signal activity. However, vibrated workers showed similar levels of task performance, movement rates, cell inspection rates, and trophallactic exchanges regardless of the number of signals received. Thus, the repeated performance of vibration signals on individual bees did not cause cumulative increases in the activity of certain workers, but rather may have functioned to maintain relatively constant levels of activity and task performance among groups of recipients. The established and newly founded colonies did not differ in the extent to which individual workers received the different numbers of vibration signals or in the levels of activity stimulated by repeated signals. Previous work has suggested that compared to established colonies, newly founded colonies have a greater number of vibrators that perform signals on a greater proportion of the workers they contact. Taken in concert, these results suggest that vibration signal repetition may help to adjust task allocations to the different stages of colony development by helping to maintain similar levels of activity among a greater total number of recipients, rather than by eliciting cumulative effects that cause certain recipients to work harder than others.     

流域管理机构:国际比较分析及对我国的建议

流域管理是国际上比较普遍采用的水资源管理方法。我国2002年的水法从法律角度确定了流域管理的法律地位。出于区域开发要求或水资源压力而成立的流域管理机构,可选择水资源理事会、流域委员会和流域管理局的形式,其职能可能包括数据收集和处理、规划、资源和环境管理、运行与维护、监督等职能。但在不同社会经济发展水平和政治体制下,特别是不同的水资源问题下,流域管理机构设置仍然有较大的差别。即使如此,高效的流域管理机构必须职能清晰。我国流域间差异大,流域水资源问题多样,在区域管理较强的传统下,流域管理机构需要协调与区域管理的关系,清晰职能,进行内部机构改革,以逐步建立符合我国国情、权利和责任统一、高效的流域管理机构。     

Large males dominate: ecology,social organization,and mating system of wild cavies,the ancestors of the guinea pig

Ecological factors differently affect male and female animals and thereby importantly influence their life history and reproductive strategies. Caviomorph rodents are found in a wide range of habitats in South America and different social and mating systems have evolved in closely related species. This permits to study the impact of ecological factors on social evolution. In this study, we investigated the social organization and the mating system of the wild cavy (Cavia aperea), the ancestor of the domestic guinea pig, in its natural habitat in Uruguay. Based on our laboratory investigations, we expected a polygynous system with large males controlling access to females. Results from radiotelemetry and direct observations showed that females occupied small stable home ranges which were largely overlapped by that of one large male, resulting in a social organization of small harems. In some cases, small satellite males were associated with harems and intermediate-sized roaming males were occasionally observed on the study site. However, microsatellite analyses revealed that offspring were exclusively sired by large males of the same or neighboring harems, with a moderate degree of multiple paternity (13–27%). Thus, the mating system of C. aperea can be described as polygynous and contrasts with the promiscuous organization described for other species of cavies (Cavia magna, Galea musteloides and Microcavia australis) living under different ecological conditions. Our findings stress the strong impact of environmental factors on social evolution in Caviomorphs as resource distribution determines female space use and, thereby, the ability of males to monopolize females. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.