加拿大油气管道安全管理体系及其启示

建立系统完善的安全管理体系是保障油气管道安全运行的基础。通过分析加拿大立法特点,梳理国家层面和地方层面管道安全监管机构设置与职责,研究管道安全法规体系,明确了加拿大油气管道安全监管体制和全生命周期安全管理体系。研究了管道企业安全管理体系和管道全生命周期各个阶段的关键工作,分析了行业协会在管道安全管理方面发挥的积极作用,掌握了管道完整性管理方面的经验与成果。在此基础上对中加油气管道安全管理情况进行了对比分析,从重视管道安全监管立法、建立全生命周期安全管理体系、完善油气管道标准规范、实施管道完整性管理、建立统一呼叫系统和管道地图系统、鼓励社会各方共同参与管道保护等方面提出了加强我国油气管道安全管理的建议措施。研究成果对于完善我国油气管道安全管理体系具有指导作用。     

基于LEC法的煤矿安全投资决策

利用基于作业条件危险性评价法(LEC)的综合评分决策法,对煤矿安全培训、通风除尘设施投资的合理性进行评价,分析了系数的取值过程并得到综合评分决策的合理度值.结果表明,基于LEC的综合评分决策法对煤矿安全投资合理度进行分析决策,具有直观、量化的优点,在一定程度上解决了安全投资规模难以把握的难题,可以对煤矿企业的安全投资提供合理化建议,便于管理者决策.     

安全工程专业课程体系优化研究

基于安徽理工大学安全工程专业课程体系,提出"2+2"培养模式下"安全技术与管理"方向课程体系存在的问题及其原因,包括课程内容的重复性,课程设置未突出特性培养和课程设置未突出时代性等。提出从按照全国工程教育专业认证指导思想整改,避免课程知识体系过多重复,通才教育的基础上突出自身专业特点以及按照国家的方针政策来指引方向等四个方面阐述了解决课程体系存在的相关问题,优化课程体系,来体现安全工程专业人才培养的国际性、科学性、市场性和全面性等特点。     

基于X3D技术的化学灾害事故处置在线培训系统

从消防部门处置化学灾害事故训练需求出发,采用基于Web的虚拟现实和智能组卷技术,设计并实现了一种化学灾害事故处置在线培训系统。按照化学危险品在储存、运输、生产环节中发生泄漏、燃烧和爆炸等事故类型进行分类,提供了危险源理化性质、事故特点及危害性分析、灭火救援行动措施等知识的在线学习和考试功能。在技术实现方面,采用互联网Web3D标准X3D技术,以三维方式模拟事故场景和表现知识内容,为用户提供了一个网络化、沉浸式的三维互动学习模式和环境。系统的设计和实现为化学灾害事故处置培训工作网络化、培训内容系统化、表现形式多样化提供了一种新的思路。     

Prevalence-adjusted optimisation of fuzzy models for species distribution

Most performance criteria which have been applied to train ecological models focus on the accuracy of the model predictions. However, these criteria depend on the prevalence of the training set and often do not take into account ecological issues such as the distinction between omission and commission errors. Moreover, a previous study indicated that model training based on different performance criteria results in different optimised models. Therefore, model developers should train models based on different performance criteria and select the most appropriate model depending on the modelling objective. This paper presents a new approach to train fuzzy models based on an adjustable performance criterion, called the adjusted average deviation (aAD). This criterion was applied to develop a species distribution model for spawning grayling in the Aare River near Thun, Switzerland. To analyse the strengths and weaknesses of this approach, it was compared to model training based on other performance criteria. The results suggest that model training based on accuracy-based performance criteria may produce unrealistic models at extreme prevalences of the training set, whereas the aAD allows for the identification of more accurate and more reliable models. Moreover, the adjustable parameter in this criterion enables modellers to situate the optimised models in the search space and thus provides an indication of the ecological model relevance. Consequently, it may support modellers and river managers in the decision making process by improving model reliability and insight into the modelling process. Due to the universality and the flexibility of the approach, it could be applied to any other ecosystem or species, and may therefore be valuable to ecological modelling and ecosystem management in general.     

浅谈开发建设项目水土保持方案的编制

依据有关水土保持法律法规和技术规范,简明阐述了开发建设项目水土保持方案编制的有关规定和水土保持方案的主要工作内容,旨在宣传水保法规、推动我区水土保持,尤其是开发建设项目水土保持方案工作,为提高社会各界水土保持意识提供信息     

Changes in fall prevention training for apprentice carpenters based on a comprehensive needs assessment

Problem

Falls from heights in residential construction are common, especially among inexperienced workers.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive needs assessment to determine gaps in the school-based apprentice carpenters' fall prevention training. A team of carpenter instructors and researchers revised the fall prevention training to fill these gaps. Apprentice evaluation and feedback guided ongoing curricular improvements.

Results

Most apprentice carpenters performed work tasks at heights prior to training and fall protection techniques were not commonly used at residential construction sites. Priorities of the revised school-based training included safe ladder habits, truss setting, scaffold use, guarding floor openings, and using personal fall arrest systems. New apprentices were targeted to ensure training prior to exposure at the workplace. We used adult learning principles to emphasize hands-on experiences. A framed portion of a residential construction site was fabricated to practice fall protection behaviors in a realistic setting. The revised curriculum has been delivered consistently and apprentice feedback has been very favorable.

Conclusions

Integration of needs assessment results was invaluable in revising the school-based carpenters apprentice fall prevention curriculum. Working closely with the instructors to tailor learning experiences has provided preliminary positive results.

Impact on Industry

The fall safety of the residential construction industry continues to lag behind commercial construction and industrial settings. The National Occupational Research Agenda includes a Strategic Goal to strengthen and extend the reach of quality training and education in the construction industry via mechanisms such as construction safety and health training needs assessments. This study demonstrates how a structured process can be used to identify and remedy gaps and improve training effectiveness. We encourage others to take steps to assess and increase the impact of training efforts directed at all residential construction professionals; including both union and non-union workers. The implications are even greater in the non-union sector where most U.S. residential work is done.     

苏浙沪危险化学品安全运输无缝化区域联控机制研究

从危险化学品运输全过程涉及的5类主体单位和多部门监管内容两个方面分析危险化学品跨省道路运输监管流程;从法律法规、体制、机制、流程等方面总结出苏浙沪危险化学品跨省道路运输存在的5类监管缝隙,即法律法规缝隙、组织架构缝隙、部门协调监管缝隙、监管流程缝隙和信息阻隔缝隙。应用无缝隙化组织理论设计苏浙沪危险化学品跨省运输安全监管区域联控的组织架构,包括最高决策、中间协调、地区执行3个层面;把危险化学品跨省道路运输现有监管流程分为审批服务类和现场检查类,并对其进行无缝隙化整合,既能提高监管效率,也能降低运输企业运输成本。     

煤矿安全管理中的常见组织错误及其防控途径

组织错误研究是人误研究的新方向,它是引发事故的根本原因。本文在总结组织错误理论研究现状的基础上,对组织错误理论的定义进行重新梳理,分析了煤矿安全管理中的组织行为,揭示了我国煤矿安全管理中常见的组织错误问题及其危害,提出防控途径和措施,为有效地预防和减少因组织错误而导致的煤矿事故,加强煤矿的组织安全管理提供理论支撑。文中指出了不健全的制度、不规范的培训、不系统的管理、不合理的奖惩等是煤矿存在的主要组织错误,并分别提出了相应的预防措施,从深层次着手,多角度进行管理,力争解决这些问题。本文为研究下一步煤矿安全管理中各种组织错误的发生演化路径及其规律,揭示我国现阶段煤矿安全管理中组织错误发展的规律提供了理论基础。     

企业应急培训探讨

应急管理是对突发事件的全过程管理。推动应急管理工作有多种方式和途径,应急培训就是其中的一项。本文拟从介绍应急管理与应急培训、阐述应急培训重要性入手就如何开展应急培训从几个环节上提出了看法,简述了应急培训工作的方法和途径,最后通过事例说明应急培训在实际工作中发挥的重要作用。