IDENTIFICATION OF TRAINING NEEDS FOR PUBLIC PARTICIPATION RESPONSIBILITIES1

ABSTRACT: The research project reported here surveyed planners in Coastal Zone Management and “208” programs in New England to determine the nature of their educational and experiential preparation for carrying out public participation functions, and to identify the planners’ own perceptions of the relative importance of those functions and their adequacy for performing them. Criteria for effective programming were developed and used as a standard for comparing various backgrounds with capability for performing necessary tasks. The research indicates that prior planning experience is more directly related to perceived adequacy than either academic or other experiential backgrounds. The survey also revealed a predominant emphasis on activities involving direct public conduct, e.g., organizing citizen advisory groups and conducting public meetings. The results of the analysis were used to make recommendations for curriculum topics that should be incorporated into the training of professional planners so that they will be better prepared to undertake public participation responsibilities. Those recommendations stress preparation for direct public contact, but also for training in other means of public involvement, such as media contact, that are not now being carried out with comparable emphasis or effectiveness.     

泥石流暴发的应力自组织临界特性

泥石流是一种严重的自然灾害。从广延能量耗散的角度看，泥石流暴发的应力演化过程是一种自组织临界过程。斜坡松散碎屑土触变液化系统在暴雨激发下，内部不同因子间的相互非线性作用，导致斜坡碎屑土自然地朝临界极限应力状态发展，最终暴发泥石流。本文以应力的自组织观点，分析了泥石流暴发的特性。蒋家沟泥石流的资料显示，泥石流规模与频率间存在着幂律关系，这说明泥石流活动具有自组织临界的特性。     

非平衡自组织理论在城市环境系统中的应用研究

结合国内外非平衡自组织理论应用的成功实例 ,本文对该理论在城市环境系统中的应用作了阐述并对该理论建模定量分析应用的特点进行了重点探讨 ,最后展望了该理论进一步深入研究的发展方向     

环境保护领域中环境NGO作用探讨

20世纪80年代以来，国际社会中非政府组织蓬勃发展。环境NGO（环境保护非政府组织）成为国际环境保护领域中的一股新生力量。阐述了环境NGO的定义、属性及其发展过程。分析了环境NGO在国际环保领域所起的作用、前景。指出了环境NGO对中国环境保护的启示作用。     

浅论发挥社会环保组织功能及作用

通过发挥社会组织功能,使公众广泛参与保护环境,积极投身环保事业。     

WICKED WATER PROBLEMS: SOCIOLOGY AND LOCAL WATER ORGANIZATIONS IN ADDRESSING WATER RESOURCES POLICY1

ABSTRACT: Water policy problems are wicked, not in an ethically deplorable sense, but in the sense that they present us with especially difficult challenges of becoming more effective in our interdisciplinary collaboration, of integrating two very different types of knowledge, of working across several socio‐political units of analysis simultaneously, and of better organizing water as a common property resource. Sociology, as a discipline, does not have a particularly rich history of successful interdisciplinary collaboration on water resources research and teaching, but it potentially has a most useful contribution to make by focusing on the analysis of local common property resource organizations that operate in the interface between individual resource users and State‐Federal entities. These organizations (e.g., water user associations, mutual companies, irrigation districts, acequias, conservancy districts) have been the orphans of water policy discourse but their operations are critical to undertaking more effective 21st century social analysis, research work, and action programs. Sociologists who work to better comprehend the operations of, and constraints upon, these organizations build a sociology that can better collaborate with other water‐related disciplines in addressing the challenges posed by the wickedness of our water problems.     

农村合作经济组织发展的制度分析

农村合作经济组织是将农民组织起来进入市场、参与竞争的桥梁和纽带,是新时期推动农村经济发展和提高农民收入的重要因素之一。在制度层面运用新制度经济学理论从实现土地规模经营、节约市场交易费用和维护农民利益等三方面分析了合作组织发育的需求诱致性动因;接着从制度环境状况、现有社会科学知识的积累、现存的制度安排、组织的制度变迁成本、非正式制度安排等外部制度供给方面以及产权和组织制度等组织内部制度方面分析了其存在的缺陷;最后提出了推动合作组织发展的政策建议：其一,只要是以“三农”服务为宗旨,政府在政策上都应允许和指导合作组织灵活地创新产权制度、因地制宜地进行多种形式的组织创新;其二,政府要力所能及地为合作组织提供一些制度服务。     

我国道路交通安全教育培训思考

统计数据显示,我国2007-2009年道路运输事故呈下降趋势。但道路运输事故造成的死亡人数远远高于煤炭事故造成的死亡人数,道路交通安全形势依然很严峻。交通安全形势严峻的主要原因之一就是人为因素,加强对交通参与者的相关教育培训,提高安全意识,规范安全行为,是改善交通安全形势的根本途径。本文系统分析了我国的安全教育环境、交通文化、交通安全法律法规及交通安全教育培训存在问题,提出了改善我国交通安全教育的措施及建议。     

安全技术管理专业课程建设与人才培养探索

该文从现代企业对安全技术管理人才需求入手,分析了安全技术管理专业应用型人才培养的必要性,提出了我院安全技术管理专业"应用型"人才培养模式的思路,详细阐述了安全技术管理应用型人才的培养目标、培养模式和培养途径。促进教材建设和师资队伍建设,有利于教学资源的优化配置,提高教学管理水平和教学实践效果。加强实训基地建设,进一步深化实践环节教学改革,培养适应21世纪社会经济与科技发展的新型高素质人才。可为我国高等安全专业人才的培养目标提供了参考,对现代企业在安全技术管理人才选择和实践方面提供一定的借鉴作用。     

安全工程专业人才培养模式研究

多学科交叉渗透教育模式是培养复合型人才的重要途径,通过探讨文、理、工类学科的交叉、渗透机制,提出由多学科融合培养具有突出特长的复合型人才模式。在分析我校安全工程专业发展和研究现状的基础上,提出引入多学科交叉渗透的理念的必要性,具体分析了安全工程复合型人才的培养模式,包括培养目标的设定、基本素养的完善、相关课程的设置、复合式教学模式的建立和教与学的双向选择机制。这对安全专业学生的综合素质培养和创新能力的提升具有重要作用。