1995-2015年江苏省土地利用功能转型特征及其协调性分析

土地利用功能转型可实现土地利用功能协调,是实施区域可持续发展的重要路径。从功能协调角度构建土地利用功能转型分析框架,利用江苏省1995年、2000年、2005年、2010年和2015年5期遥感影像及相关资源利用和社会经济数据,构建三级土地利用功能评价体系,以县域为评价单元,通过三角模型和空间相关分析等方法,定量解析江苏省土地利用功能时空演变特征及其与土地可持续利用目标的协调状况。研究结果显示：（1）研究期内,江苏省土地利用功能总水平提升减慢,其中生产、生活功能不同程度提升,生态功能明显下降。（2）生产、生活功能空间集聚不突出,生态功能的热点、冷点区域呈“Y”型集聚分布。（3）不同功能区功能协调性态势不一,重点开发区和限制开发区可持续发展态势总体良好,优化开发区可持续发展程度较弱并持续恶化。建议江苏省在落实发展蓝图和空间规划的过程中,应优先推进苏南现代化示范区建设,重点实施重点开发区生活功能转型、Ⅰ类限制开发区生产功能转型策略,并严格落实禁止开发区的生态保护责任等差别化管理策略。     

黄河三角洲湿地表层沉积物中微塑料的分布、来源和风险评价

河口湿地是陆海相互作用强烈的重要地球关键带,同时还受到人类活动的强烈影响.黄河三角洲湿地作为年轻的暖温带河口湿地,其微塑料污染状况尚未得到充分研究.因此对黄河三角洲湿地表层沉积物中微塑料的形态、丰度、粒径和成分组成进行了测定,并使用污染负荷指数（PLI）和潜在污染风险指数（PRI）评估了研究区域微塑料污染状况和生态风险.结果表明,黄河三角洲湿地微塑料丰度为20~520 n ·kg^-1,中值为150 n ·kg^-1.微塑料形貌以纤维和黑色为主,粒径在1 mm以上,成分多为人造丝、聚乙烯、聚酯纤维和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯等.湿地中微塑料的PLI值介于0.04~0.96之间,PRI值介于0.00~171.60之间,表明黄河三角洲湿地微塑料污染处于轻微污染和低生态风险水平.     

洞庭湖区近50年土地利用/覆盖的变化研究

利用1978，1989，1998年的Landsat卫星遥感影像资料及20世纪50年代航测的地形图，研究了洞庭湖区近50年土地利用／覆盖及其景观结构的变化，土地利用／覆盖类型分为水体，湿地，农田，林地和建成区五类，各时期遥感影像的总体分类精度都在80％以上，运用ArcInfo和ArcView GIS软件，将不同时期的土地利用／覆盖格局在空间上清晰地显示出来，通过叠加4个不同时期的影像分类图，计算出各种土地利用／覆盖类型转变为其他土地利用／覆盖类型的比例，洞庭湖区50年来水体面积不断减少，减少量为1460km^2，其中1955年到1978年水面面积缩小了970。57km^2，分别为1978年到1989年和1989年到1998年缩小面积的2．23倍和1805倍，湿地面积逐渐增加，1998年湿地面积分别为1955，1978和1989年的1．46，1．41和1．09倍，农田的面积百分比从1955年的54．70％增加到1978年62．15％，又逐渐降低到1989年的51．88％和1998年的48．17％，林地的面积1978年比1955年减少了17％,，1989年比1978年增加了57％，1998年比1989年增加了11％，建成区的变化表明近50年来湖区城市化的进程，洞庭湖区土地利用／覆盖及其景观结构的变化是社会经济和自然因素综合作用的结果。     

论SSP范式在环境保护结构绩效分析中的应用--以体制转型时期为例的研究

文章是将美国经济学家A.爱伦·斯密德的SSP分析范式运用于环境保护结构绩效研究的一次新的尝试.首先指出了斯密德的SSP范式与以往环境保护绩效研究工具的不同之处,适时给出了将SSP范式运用于环境保护结构绩效分析的几个理由.最后,本文将SSP范式运用于我国体制转型时期环境保护结构绩效的分析.     

The Conservation Status and Conservation Strategy of Picea neoveitchii

Picea neoveitchii is an endemic species in China. It had been listed as an endangered species in red data books. It scatters in several locations of south slope of the Qinling Mountain of China. Upon reviewing the related literature, discussing with leading scholars on gymnosperm, ecology and plant conservation, the field survey was carried out in four locations. There are eleven mature individuals and two seedlings surviving in its natural habitats. With the survey of quadrat method in four locations, related community index were calculated such as relative important value （RIV）, species richness, similarity index, diversity index and evenness index etc. The community could be sorted and characterized as three groups based on the community parameters. The analysis of vegetation table elucidates that Picea neoveitchii is a dominant species with low grouping rate in most surveyed sites. The RAPD analysis shows target species has intraspecific genetic variability. The estimation of Shannon＇s phenotypic diversity index （Ho） also explains the difference of genetic variations of different locations. Due to the lack of enough knowledge and professional guide of conservation biological perspective, Picea neoveitchii had been clear-cut for timber production. The extent of occurrence and area of occupancy declined rapidly from 1950s to 1990s. According to the Conservation Category guideline proposed by the World Conservation Union, the conservation status of Picea neoveitchii was reevaluated as Critically Endangered （CR） B2b C2a D. Upon research in areas of ecology, molecular biology, cluster analysis of environmental parameters, a practical conservation strategy is recommended in this research.     

无起爆药雷管内管装药密度对燃烧转爆轰的影响研究

起爆药雷管生产中产生大量有毒废水,且其运输、贮存存在安全隐患。为克服这些困难,笔者自行制备无起爆药雷管。采用圆筒式金属内管中装填超细PETN(季戊四醇四硝酸酯),作为起爆元件,代替起爆药部分,研究装药密度对内管燃烧转爆轰(DDT)的影响。研究结果表明,在内管壁厚1～2 mm,内径Φ4.0 mm,长25 mm,装压密度为0.8～1.14 g/cm3的范围内,内管能可靠实现燃烧转爆轰。     

Local governance of energy transition: sustainability,transactions and social ties. A case study in Northeast France

This paper tackles the process of energy transition from a transactional perspective. It addresses the governance of energy transition by studying its local actualizations, moving beyond purely technical and normative readings. The paper shows that through the local socio-technological energy systems, sustainability governance filters down to the level of individual, everyday behavior, thus questioning the link between public and private spaces, especially regarding the issue of housing. Going beyond the results commonly yielded by transition studies, which favor large-scale analysis, it details how the discourse of citizen involvement, which often boils down to a mere call to control one’s individual energy consumption, conceals environmental inequalities, confirming the socioeconomic divide materialized in deprived areas such as public housing estates or remote rural areas. From a methodological standpoint, the analysis is based on four case studies in Northeast France, in more or less privileged areas, and in both urban and rural environments: the renovation of a heating network in the public housing estate of Cité de l’Ill, north of Strasbourg; the solar energy systems designed for property owners in Plobsheim, a residential suburb of Strasbourg; the energy-efficient equipment set up in a public housing estate in the city of Saint-Dié, in the Vosges; and citizen participation in a cooperative program to finance wind turbines in the small Alsacian city of Saâles, in a mountain rural area. The paper draws on the results of these sociological investigations, carried out using field observations, questionnaires and interviews.     

Effects of mercury graded doses on redox status,metallothionein levels and genotoxicity in the intestine of sea cucumber Holothuria forskali

Mercury (Hg) is a ubiquitous and a major environmental metal pollutant in the aquatic ecosystem. The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of mercury graded doses exposure on oxidative stress, redox status, metallothionein levels and genotoxicity in the intestine of sea cucumber Holothuria forskali. Specimens were exposed for 96?h to three concentrations of Hg (40, 80 and 160?µg/L). Exposure of H. forskali to Hg promoted oxidative stress with an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PCO) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) levels. An increase of glutathione (GSH), vitamin C (ViteC) and non-protein thiols (NPSH) contents was also observed. Additionally, antioxidant activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) increased especially with the highest doses of Hg indicating a great defense of the antioxidant system. Our investigation revealed an increase in total Metallothionein (MT) content which was more pronounced at the sharpest concentrations of Hg. A significant decline of AChE activity was also observed. In the intestine of Hg-treated H. forskali genotoxicity was confirmed by DNA degradation.     

Voluntary participation for sustainability transition: experiences from the ‘Commitment to Sustainable Development 2050’

Voluntary and active participation by a wide variety of actors is a prerequisite for successful societal transitions towards sustainability. The ‘Commitment to Sustainable Development 2050’ is a national-level initiative in Finland, aiming to mobilise a large-scale transition involving various societal actors through openly communicated commitments to concrete actions. Each commitment should focus on at least one of the eight nationally defined sustainability objectives connected to the global Sustainable Development Goals. This article assesses the implementation and the development needs of the commitment process based on a range of materials. The results highlight the importance of securing adequate resources for long-term coordination and continuous development of the commitment process, trust creation through long-term and open communication, and flexibility allowing for experimentation aimed at finding new modes of interaction between the public and private sectors.     

中国安全生产标准现状统计分析

安全生产标准是规范企业安全生产工作的基础性规范,是安全生产法律体系的重要组成部分,也是安全生产监管监察执法的重要依据。为掌握安全生产标准现状,收集、梳理了已发布的安全生产标准603项和正在研制阶段的标准385项,对标准发布年份、在研标准计划年份、标准领域分布、标准级别和标准性质多个维度进行分析,总结标准工作存在的问题,提出安全生产标准制（修）订及发展建议,为安全生产标准工作的持续完善提供参考。