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71.
锅炉应用旋风除尘器除尘的影响因素分析 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
通过对旋风除尘器结构和运行原理的分析,找出锅炉应用旋风除尘器除尘效果不佳的影响因素,提出了锅炉应用旋风除尘器提高除尘效率的措施. 相似文献
72.
纳板河自然保护区内农民落后的耕作方式,对土地的不合理利用以及政策和社会发展等因素对热带雨林带来巨大压力。对其实施有效管理,合理利用土地和野生生物资源,开征资源补偿素,完善管理体制和规章制度,可在帮助当地农民脱贫的同时,有效地保护热带雨林及其生境。 相似文献
73.
Dale Virginia H. Brown Sandra Calderón Magnolia O. Montoya Arizmendis S. Martínez Raúl E. 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2003,8(4):323-348
To participate in the potential market for carbon credits based on changes in the use and management of the land, one needs to identify opportunities and implement land-use based emissions reductions or sequestration projects. A key requirement of land-based carbon (C) projects is that any activity developed for generating C benefits must be additional to business-as-usual. A rule-based model was developed and used that estimates changes in land-use and subsequent carbon emissions over the next twenty years using the Eastern Panama Canal Watershed (EPCW) as a case study. These projections of changes in C stocks serve as a baseline to identify where opportunities exist for implementing projects to generate potential C credits and to position Panama to be able to participate in the emerging C market by developing a baseline under scenarios of business-as-usual and new-road development. The projections show that the highest percent change in land use for the new-road scenario compared to the business-as-usual scenario is for urban areas, and the greatest cause of C emission is from deforestation. Thus, the most effective way to reduce C emissions to the atmosphere in the EPCW is by reducing deforestation. In addition to affecting C emissions, reducing deforestation would also protect the soil and water resources of the EPCW. Yet, under the current framework of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), only credits arising from reforestation are allowed, which after 20 years of plantation establishment are not enough to offset the C emissions from the ongoing, albeit small, rate of deforestation in the EPCW. The study demonstrates the value of spatial regional projections of changes in land cover and C stocks: The approach helps a country identify its potential greenhouse gas (GHG) emission liabilities into the future and provides opportunity for the country to plan alternative development pathways. It could be used by potential project developers to identify which types of projects will generate the largest C benefits and provide the needed baseline against which a project is then evaluated. Spatial baselines, such as those presented here, can be used by governments to help identify development goals. The development of such a baseline, and its expansion to other vulnerable areas, well positions Panama to respond to the future market demand for C offsets. It is useful to compare the projected change in land cover under the business-as-usual scenario to the goals set by Law 21 for the year 2020. Suggested next steps for analysis includeusing the modeling approach to exploreland-use, C dynamics and management ofsecondary forests and plantations, soilC gains or losses, sources ofvariability in the land use and Cstock projections, and other ecologicalimplications and feedbacks resulting fromprojected changes in land cover. 相似文献
74.
R. D. Lasco M. M. Cardinoza 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(2):243-257
Climate change is one of the most pressing environmental problems humanity is facing today. Forest ecosystems serve as a source
or sink of greenhouse gases, primarily CO2. With support from the Canadian Climate Change Fund, the Community-based Natural Resource Management for Carbon Sequestration
project in East Timor (CBNRM-ET) was implemented to “maintain carbon (C) stocks and increase C sequestration through the development
of community-based resource management systems that will simultaneously improve livelihood security”. Project sites were in
the Laclubar and Remexio Sub-districts of the Laclo watershed. The objective of this study was to quantify baseline C stocks
and sequestration benefits of project components (reforestation with fast-growing species, primarily Casuarina equisetifolia, and agroforestry involving integration of Paraserianthes falcataria). Field measurements show that mature stands (≥30 years) of P. falcataria and C. equisetifolia contain up to 200 Mg C ha−1 in above ground biomass, indicating the vast potential of project sites to sequester carbon. Baseline C stocks in above ground
biomass were very low in both Laclubar (6.2 Mg C ha−1 for reforestation sites and 5.2 Mg C ha−1 for agroforestry sites and Remexio (3.0 Mg C ha−1 for reforestation and 2.5 Mg C ha−1 for agroforestry). Baseline soil organic C levels were much higher reaching up to 160 Mg C ha−1 in Laclubar and 70 Mg C ha−1 in Remexio. For the next 25 years, it is projected that 137 671 Mg C and 84 621 Mg C will be sequestered under high- and
low C stock scenarios, respectively. 相似文献
75.
目的 研究热带滨海地区景观设施的腐蚀特征及影响因素.方法 通过宏观调查和微区检查的方法,对比分析湛江、珠海和深圳3个典型的热带滨海城市景观设施腐蚀状况的差异,总结热带滨海景观设施的腐蚀特征.结果 缝隙腐蚀和焊缝腐蚀是热带滨海景观设施发生频次最高的腐蚀类型,其中出现缝隙腐蚀的频次平均为66.6%,出现焊缝腐蚀的频次平均为53.2%.随着离海岸距离的增大,景观设施腐蚀程度减小,其中景观设施在200 m发生大面积腐蚀的程度比100 m平均减轻22.1%.景观设施向海面发生严重腐蚀的比例比背海面高,其中景观设施向海面在100 m发生腐蚀比背海面严重,比200 m平均增高10.4%.结论 热带滨海地区景观设施的腐蚀差异与设施离海距离、设施朝向以及热带海洋大气环境要素(相对湿度和大气污染物浓度)密切相关. 相似文献
76.
分析了一种新型直流旋风分离器的分离机理及结构特点 ,推导出了这种旋风分离器内颗粒的运动规律和被分离的临界粒径。 相似文献
77.
林病虫害已成为林业发展的一大难题,对中国林科院热带林业实验中心森林病虫害类型、危害特点等进行分析,并提出了具体有效防治措施与方法.参6. 相似文献
78.
Jones RK Sun WH Tang CS Robert FM 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2004,11(5):340-346
GOAL, SCOPE AND BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to understand the interaction between plants and microorganisms during petroleum-hydrocarbon bioremediation in Pacific Islands coastal soils. Total bacteria and hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms population dyanamics were examined in the rhizospheres of tropical trees and shrubs, which were evaluated for their phytoremediation potential in a greenhouse experiment. The respective and combined effects of plant roots and diesel contaminant on the microbial populations were determined in relation to diesel fuel depletion. An increase in the grading populations size of the hydrocarbon-degrading populations of microbes, elicited by rhizodeposition, is generally regarded as conducive to an enhanced degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants in vegetated soil. METHODS: The soil was a coastal sandy loam (pH 7.8) which was artificially contaminated with 10 g of No. 2 diesel fuel/kg soil or left uncontaminated. The pots were irrigated with fertilizer and 1% NaCl. The enumerations were carried out in the contaminated and uncontaminated rhizospheres of three trees, kiawe (Prosopis pallida), milo (Thespesia populnea), and kou (Cordia subcordata) and three shrubs, beach naupaka (Scaevola sericea), false sandalwood (Myoporum sandwicense), and oleander (Nerium oleander). Unplanted control soils were included in the experiment. Total bacteria and phenanthrene-degrading bacteria were enumerated on plates. Diesel- and pristane-degrading microorganisms were enumerated by the most-probable-number technique in tissue-culture plates. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: All four types of microorganisms responded to the rhizosphere of the 6 plants in uncontaminated soil and to the diesel contaminant in unplanted soil. In contaminated rhizospheres, no effect of the plant on the hydrocarbon-degrader numbers was visible. Total bacteria responded more to the plant roots than to the contaminant. The phenanthrene-degrading bacteria and pristane-degrading microorganisms were more influenced by the contaminant than by the plants. The diesel-degrading microorganisms were equally stimulated by the plants and the contaminant. The numbers of hydrocarbon degraders were similar in the contaminated rhizospheres of the three effective plants (kiawe, kou, and milo) and in those of the three ineffective shrubs. CONCLUSION: The results suggest the quality of the rhizodeposition is plant-dependent and governs the type of diesel-degrader populations that will be enhanced by a given plant. RECOMMENDATIONS AND OUTLOOK: In the proposed phytoremediation-benefit model plant roots maintain high levels of hydrocaron degraders in uncontaminated soil. When the root enters a contaminated zone of soil, those hydrocarbon degraders that prefer the contaminant would switch to the contaminant as a carbon source, effectively removing the hydrocarbons. If the root exudates and the contaminant are equally attractive to the hydrocarbon degraders, the contaminant degradaton would be less effective. 相似文献
79.
Hubert?ChansonEmail author Richard?Brown John?Ferris Ian?Ramsay Kevin?Warburton 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2005,5(6):553-575
In natural systems, mixing is driven by turbulence, but current knowledge is limited in estuarine zones where predictions
of contaminant dispersion are often inaccurate. A series of detailed field studies was conducted in a small sub-tropical creek
in eastern Australia. Hydrodynamic, physio-chemical and ecological measurements were conducted simultaneously to assess the
complexity of the estuarine zone, notably the interactions between turbulence and environment. The measurements were typically
performed at high frequency over a tidal cycle. The results provide an original data set to complement long-term monitoring
and a basis for a more detailed study of mixing in sub-tropical systems. Unlike many long-term observations, velocity and
water quality scalars were measured herein with sufficient spatial and temporal resolutions to determine quantities of interest
in the study of turbulence, while ecological indicators were sampled systematically and simultaneously. In particular the
results yielded contrasted outcomes, and the finding impacts on the selection process for key water quality indicators. 相似文献
80.
Abstract: Evaluating logging systems to determine which are most compatible with the maintenance of biodiversity is of prime importance if tropical forests are to be managed in a sustainable way. Bats are model taxa for this purpose. Two different logging systems are used in the natural forest of the Victoria-Mayaro Forest Reserve in Trinidad: open range and periodic block. Open range is a continuous harvesting system and, in common with most methods used to log tropical forests worldwide, has few harvest controls other than girth limits for selected species. Periodic block is a polycyclic system, with felling based on ecological criteria assumed to be compatible with the maintenance of biodiversity. To compare the effects of periodic block and open-range systems on biodiversity, we determined bat species richness and abundance in each system and in primary forest. We caught bats in mist nets set at ground level and in the canopy and in harp traps. In total 1959 individuals representing 38 species were captured. Species richness was similar among primary forest and logged forest habitats, although bat diversity was lower in logged forest. The distributions of bat species abundance did not differ significantly between logged forest and primary forest. We found, however, that both logging systems lead to a decrease in gleaning animalivores and an increase in frugivores. The increase in frugivores was likely the result of an increase in the abundance of bat-dispersed pioneer fruiting plants in logged forest. Bats of periodic-block-managed forest were more similar to those of primary forest than those of forest logged using the open-range system, indicating that the periodic-block system is more compatible with the maintenance of bat diversity. Our results support the suggestion that the measured use of tropical forests can largely be compatible with biodiversity conservation. 相似文献