2001年1～3月国内安全事故数据

简要介绍了2001年1－3月内发生的各种安全事故98起,包括火灾、交通事故、爆炸事故、矿业事故、毒物泄露和中毒等,进行了统计和分析。统计表明,在98起事故中,安全事故发全最多的前9个省份分别为江苏（12次）、辽宁（10次）、广东（8次）、广西、浙江（7次）、新疆（6次）、河南、贵州、湖北（5次）,死亡人数最多的前9个省份（直辖市）分别为贵州（61人）、重庆（59人）、广东（51人）、江苏（35人）、广西（32人）、湖南（31人）、浙江（30）、辽宁、新疆（25人）。死亡人数最多的事故为重庆合川太和镇码头的沉船事故,死亡42人。     

Development of generic bow-tie diagrams of accidental scenarios triggered by flooding of industrial facilities (Natech)

Interactions between natural events and industrial installations may lead to dangerous phenomena. According to bibliographical research, the industrial sector is often unprepared for these joint natural and technological or Natech events mainly because of the lack of guidelines on how to apply Natech regulations and the lack of information on the dynamics of Natechs. In order to fill the gaps and provide guidance on Natech risk assessment to operators, a systematic risk analysis methodology was developed and resulted firstly in proposing general reference bow-ties that reconfigure accidental scenarios triggered by flood events. The validation of these scenarios was made in the surface treatment sector. Building on these bow-ties, the risk analysis methodology will be completed and a checklist simple to use, along with a list proposing preventive and protective measures, to be used by operators in order to decrease the vulnerability of their industrial facilities to technological accidents triggered by floods will be developed in future work.     

Accident modelling and analysis in process industries

Accident modelling is a methodology used to relate the causes and effects of events that lead to accidents. This modelling effectively seeks to answer two main questions: (i) Why does an accident occur, and (ii) How does it occur. This paper presents a review of accident models that have been developed for the chemical process industry with in-depth analyses of a class of models known as dynamic sequential accident models (DSAMs). DSAMs are sequential models with a systematic procedure to utilise precursor data to estimate the posterior risk profile quantitatively. DSAM also offers updates on the failure probabilities of accident barriers and the prediction of future end states. Following a close scrutiny of these methodologies, several limitations are noted and discussed, and based on these insights, future work is suggested to enhance and improve this category of models further.     

罐区灾害场景建模及应急处置仿真实训系统研究

针对目前应急消防训练中事故场景感知性、交互性不足等问题,研究了罐区灾害场场景建模方法及人体伤害建模方法,研发了基于可穿戴式体感装备的虚拟现实应急处置实训系统,构建了虚实结合的危险化学品火灾事故应急救援仿真训练环境,使应急人员能够最大程度地贴近实战环境,完成仿真训练,提高标准化操作能力及事故应急处置能力。     

国内外化工反应事故统计与分析

为提高对化工反应事故危害的认识,从而制定防控方法,统计了美国、英国、法国、欧盟与中国等地区的化工反应事故,从总体情况、主要后果、涉及工业类型、发生部位、反应类型与事故原因等方面进行分析,得到反应事故的特点。针对国内反应事故较为严峻的现状,提出了建议措施。     

复杂环境下有毒气体泄漏侦检与应急救援

结合二维GIS的宏观性、整体性和三维GIS场景的局部性、现实性、直观性优点,建立二、三维一体化应急GIS平台,为复杂环境气体泄漏侦检和应急救援提供有效的平台支撑,并以此为基础实现有毒气体泄漏侦检、警戒范围设定、事故模拟、应急救援等功能。     

Identifying crash type propensity using real-time traffic data on freeways

Introduction: We examine the effects of various traffic parameters on type of road crash. Method: Multivariate probit models are specified on 4-years of data from the A4-A86 highway section in the Ile-de-France region, France. Results: Empirical findings indicate that crash type can almost exclusively be defined by the prevailing traffic conditions shortly before its occurrence. Rear-end crashes involving two vehicles were found to be more probable for relatively low values of both speed and density, rear-end crashes involving more than two vehicles appear to be more probable under congested conditions, while single-vehicle crashes appear to be largely geometry-dependent. Impact on Industry: Results could be integrated in a real-time traffic management application.     

Quantitative risk assessment: How realistic are those frequency assumptions?

Although much has changed in recent decades in how the consequences are treated in risk assessment of major industrial accidents, estimation of frequencies still appears to be largely based on values from several decades ago. This paper reviews briefly some of the implications of this, drawing on lessons not only from the process industries but also from other not so obviously relevant fields such as aerospace and finance, where the significance of such factors such as organizational culture, normalization of deviance, ownership, demographic change, etc. is becoming increasingly recognized in the analysis and hence the control of risk.Failure to consider such factors and their effects can pose a problem, because risk assessment is not simply an abstract concept but can have a real influence on the level of risk. If protective measures such as the safety culture of the site, etc. can be shown to significantly change the risk zone, this can persuade the risk generator to improve those factors or take other steps to reduce the risk such as reducing the inventory in the process. Conversely, assessments conducted for well-run companies may misrepresent the risk if the site ownership changes to a financial holding company with a focus on maximizing short-term profit and resale of the assets, and it can be difficult even for well-motivated management to justify protective measures if they produce no apparent difference in the risk.This paper introduces these and other issues for consideration in the symposium which follows.     

沿江化工园突发水污染事故预警指标体系研究

以南京化学工业园区为研究对象,通过指标集建立、指标筛选、指标体系构建3个步 骤,建立由事故类型、受影响人口数量、事故影响范围、受影响水体大小规模、事故影响地 区类别、事故影响时间、事故排毒指数、水环境质量退化程度和水生生物受影响程度共9个 指标组成的突发性水污染事故预警指标体系,以层次分析法确定各个指标的权重,并提出轻...